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The classical hitchhiking model with continuous mutational pressure and purifying selection.

Wolfgang Stephan1

  • 1Leibniz-Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science Natural History Museum Berlin Germany.

Ecology and Evolution
|November 26, 2021
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Summary

This study extends the genetic hitchhiking model to explain soft sweeps and mutation-selection balance effects. It identifies conditions for multiple-origin soft sweeps and quantifies reduced heterozygosity under selection.

Keywords:
genetic hitchhikingmutation pressurepurifying selectionselective sweepssoft sweeps

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Area of Science:

  • Population genetics
  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Detecting positive selection and targets of selection is crucial in population genetics.
  • Classical models like genetic hitchhiking are foundational but have limitations.
  • Understanding selective sweeps informs evolutionary and genomic studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend the classical two-locus genetic hitchhiking model.
  • To analyze conditions leading to soft sweeps, including multiple-origin soft sweeps.
  • To quantify the hitchhiking effect on linked neutral and non-neutral polymorphisms.

Main Methods:

  • Extension of the classical two-locus hitchhiking model.
  • Introduction of mutation at the selected site to study soft sweeps.
  • Semi-deterministic approach analyzing allele frequency dynamics above a threshold.
  • Diffusion theory for initial low-frequency allele dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Identified a new parameter characterizing multiple-origin soft sweeps.
  • Quantified the hitchhiking effect on polymorphisms under mutation-selection balance.
  • Found reduced heterozygosity at linked sites compared to neutral polymorphisms.

Conclusions:

  • The extended model provides new insights into soft selective sweeps.
  • Mutation dynamics significantly influence the occurrence and characteristics of sweeps.
  • The hitchhiking effect is modulated by the evolutionary forces acting on linked loci.