Jove
Visualize
Contact Us

Related Concept Videos

Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

5.2K
Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
5.2K
Long-patch Base Excision Repair01:02

Long-patch Base Excision Repair

7.2K
Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:
7.2K
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

5.9K
DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
5.9K
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

10.0K
Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
10.0K
Point and Frameshift Mutations01:30

Point and Frameshift Mutations

89
Point mutations are genetic alterations involving the change of a single nucleotide base pair in DNA. Depending on how the alteration affects protein synthesis, they can lead to various consequences.Point mutations fall into the following types:Silent mutations occur when a nucleotide change does not alter the amino acid sequence due to the redundancy of the genetic code. For instance, changing ACC to ACA still encodes threonine, leaving the protein function unaffected. This occurs because...
89

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Rapid evolutionary adaptation: Potential and constraints.

Molecular ecology·2024
Same author

The classical hitchhiking model with continuous mutational pressure and purifying selection.

Ecology and evolution·2021
Same author

Rapid Evolutionary Adaptation in Response to Selection on Quantitative Traits.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)·2021
See all related articles
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

1.1K

Fixation Time for Competing Beneficial Mutations and Their Genomic Footprint.

Wolfgang Stephan1

  • 1Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.

Biology
|July 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

When a second beneficial mutation arises before the first is fixed, recombination can speed up the overall fixation time. Interference between these beneficial mutations is strongest when the initial mutation is at low frequency.

Keywords:
nonnormalized allele frequenciesrecurrent selective sweepstheoretical population genetics

More Related Videos

Gene-targeted Random Mutagenesis to Select Heterochromatin-destabilizing Proteasome Mutants in Fission Yeast
07:18

Gene-targeted Random Mutagenesis to Select Heterochromatin-destabilizing Proteasome Mutants in Fission Yeast

Published on: May 15, 2018

10.8K
Targeted in Situ Mutagenesis of Histone Genes in Budding Yeast
08:48

Targeted in Situ Mutagenesis of Histone Genes in Budding Yeast

Published on: January 26, 2017

15.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

1.1K
Gene-targeted Random Mutagenesis to Select Heterochromatin-destabilizing Proteasome Mutants in Fission Yeast
07:18

Gene-targeted Random Mutagenesis to Select Heterochromatin-destabilizing Proteasome Mutants in Fission Yeast

Published on: May 15, 2018

10.8K
Targeted in Situ Mutagenesis of Histone Genes in Budding Yeast
08:48

Targeted in Situ Mutagenesis of Histone Genes in Budding Yeast

Published on: January 26, 2017

15.7K

Area of Science:

  • Population genetics
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Molecular evolution

Background:

  • Beneficial mutations can arise and spread within a population.
  • The fixation of a beneficial mutation can be influenced by linked genetic elements.
  • Interference between multiple beneficial mutations is a key factor in evolutionary dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the fixation time of a secondary beneficial mutation (B) arising before a primary beneficial mutation (A) has fixed.
  • To investigate the impact of recombination rate (r) and initial frequency of mutation A (X20) on fixation dynamics.
  • To characterize the genomic footprint of competing beneficial mutations.

Main Methods:

  • Mathematical analysis of mutation fixation under additive fitness.
  • Derivation of explicit formulas for fixation time.
  • Analysis of simulation data to describe genomic footprints.

Main Results:

  • Explicit formulas for the fixation time of the double mutant (AB) were derived.
  • Interference between beneficial mutations is most pronounced at low initial frequencies of mutation A (X20 < 0.1).
  • A threshold recombination rate (r) was identified above which fixation is accelerated.
  • An excess of intermediate-frequency variants at linked neutral sites indicates strong interference.

Conclusions:

  • Recombination plays a crucial role in the dynamics of competing beneficial mutations.
  • The initial frequency of a spreading mutation significantly impacts interference effects.
  • Understanding these dynamics is essential for interpreting patterns in recombining genomic regions.