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Updated: Oct 12, 2025
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Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
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Approach to Facial Weakness
Yujie Wang1, Camilo Diaz Cruz1, Barney J Stern1
1Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Seminars in Neurology
|November 26, 2021
Summary
Facial palsy, often Bell's palsy, is a common neurologic issue. Treatment involves steroids and antivirals, with further tests for atypical cases to rule out infections or tumors.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Cranial Neuropathy
Background:
- Facial palsy is a frequent neurologic concern and the most common cranial neuropathy.
- The facial nerve governs motor, parasympathetic, and sensory functions.
- Idiopathic facial palsy, or Bell's palsy, is the most prevalent form.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for facial palsy.
- To highlight differential diagnoses for facial weakness.
- To discuss potential complications and management of residual symptoms.
Main Methods:
- Review of clinical presentations of facial palsy.
- Discussion of diagnostic criteria for idiopathic cases.
- Consideration of investigations for atypical presentations.
Main Results:
- Classic Bell's palsy typically resolves with corticosteroids and antivirals.
- Atypical or concerning presentations warrant further investigation (e.g., imaging, CSF analysis).
- Differential diagnoses include infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic causes.
Conclusions:
- Prompt recognition and management of facial palsy are crucial.
- Corneal protection is essential for at-risk individuals.
- Residual synkinesis can be managed with various therapeutic options.
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