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Related Experiment Video

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Effective Connectivity during an Avoidance-Based Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer Task.

Daniel J Petrie1, Sy-Miin Chow1,2, Charles F Geier1,2

  • 1Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.

Brain Sciences
|November 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) research shows conditioned stimuli influence motivated behavior. Specific PIT was observed, where cues for rewards boosted instrumental actions, but general PIT was not detected.

Keywords:
effective connectivitynegative reinforcementpavlovian-to-instrumental transferstriatum

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) describes how conditioned stimuli (CS) alter instrumental behavior's motivational drive.
  • Understanding the neural underpinnings of PIT is crucial for explaining motivated behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate behavioral patterns and effective brain connectivity during an avoidance-based PIT task.
  • To explore the neural mechanisms supporting specific and general PIT in humans.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and hemodynamic response function group iterative multiple model estimation (HRF-GIMME) were used.
  • Eleven healthy adults completed an avoidance-based PIT task while undergoing fMRI scans.

Main Results:

  • Behavioral data suggested specific PIT, where cues predicting a reward increased instrumental responses for that reward.
  • No evidence for general PIT was found; cues did not enhance responses for related but different outcomes.
  • Effective connectivity analysis revealed directional pathways from the putamen to the insula and cingulate cortex, with specific PIT stimuli directly impacting left putamen activity.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides initial evidence for effective connectivity within corticostriatal circuits during an avoidance-based PIT task.
  • Findings contribute to understanding the neural basis of PIT in humans and the application of GIMME models in neuroscience.