Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Reversible and Irreversible Processes01:14

Reversible and Irreversible Processes

4.7K
The thermodynamic processes can be classified into reversible and irreversible processes. The processes that can be restored to their initial state are called reversible processes. It is only possible if the process is in quasi-static equilibrium, i.e., it takes place in infinitesimally small steps, and the system remains at equilibrium However, these are ideal processes and do not occur naturally. An ideal system undergoing a reversible process is always in thermodynamic equilibrium within...
4.7K
Regression Toward the Mean01:52

Regression Toward the Mean

6.5K
Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
6.5K
Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility01:34

Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility

3.3K
Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...
3.3K
Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups01:20

Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups

340
Survival analysis is a cornerstone of medical research, used to evaluate the time until an event of interest occurs, such as death, disease recurrence, or recovery. Unlike standard statistical methods, survival analysis is particularly adept at handling censored data—instances where the event has not occurred for some participants by the end of the study or remains unobserved. To address these unique challenges, specialized techniques like the Kaplan-Meier estimator, log-rank test, and...
340
Detection of Gross Error: The Q Test01:00

Detection of Gross Error: The Q Test

6.5K
When one or more data points appear far from the rest of the data, there is a need to determine whether they are outliers and whether they should be eliminated from the data set to ensure an accurate representation of the measured value. In many cases, outliers arise from gross errors (or human errors) and do not accurately reflect the underlying phenomenon. In some cases, however, these apparent outliers reflect true phenomenological differences. In these cases, we can use statistical methods...
6.5K
Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test I01:17

Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test I

756
The Wald-Wolfowitz test, also known as the runs test, is a nonparametric statistical test used to assess the randomness of a sequence of two different types of elements (e.g., positive/negative values, successes/failures). It examines whether the order of the elements in a sequence is random or if there is a pattern or trend present. This nonparametric test applies to any ordered data despite the population and sample data distribution, even if a higher sample size is available.
The test works...
756

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Functional Connectivity Between Human Motor and Somatosensory Areas During a Multifinger Tapping Task: A Proof-of-Concept Study.

NeuroSci·2026
Same author

<i>irreversibility</i>: A Python Package for Assessing and Manipulating the Time Irreversibility of Real-World Time Series.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

A complex network perspective on brain disease.

Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·2025
Same author

infomeasure: a comprehensive Python package for information theory measures and estimators.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Entropy, Irreversibility, and Time-Series Deep Learning of Kinematic and Kinetic Data for Gait Classification in Children with Cerebral Palsy, Idiopathic Toe Walking, and Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Quantifying Deviations from Gaussianity with Application to Flight Delay Distributions.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same journal

Research on a Regional Availability Evaluation Model for Road-Area High-Entropy Energy Based on Synergy Factors.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Atmospheric Turbulence Channel Modeling and Performance Analysis of a CO-ZP-OFDM Coherent Optical Communication System for UAV Air-to-Ground Scenarios.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Information Geometry and Asymptotic Theory for SMML Estimators.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Correlation Entropy and Power-Law Kinetics.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Research on the Contagion of Systemic Financial Risk Under the Impact of Climate Risks-From the Perspective of Complex Networks and Machine Learning.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

The Statistical-Mechanical Meaning of the Wave Function of Quantum Mechanics.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Author Spotlight: Alignment of Synchronized Time-Series Data Using the Characterizing Loss of Cell Cycle Synchrony Model for Cross-Experiment Comparisons
07:59

Author Spotlight: Alignment of Synchronized Time-Series Data Using the Characterizing Loss of Cell Cycle Synchrony Model for Cross-Experiment Comparisons

Published on: June 9, 2023

1.5K

Algorithmic Approaches for Assessing Irreversibility in Time Series: Review and Comparison.

Massimiliano Zanin1, David Papo2,3

  • 1Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos (CSIC-UIB), Campus Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Assessing time irreversibility in data is challenging due to its varied causes. This study reviews numerical methods for time series analysis and provides an open-source library, highlighting that no single test fits all applications.

Keywords:
irreversibilitynonlinearitytime-reversal symmetry

More Related Videos

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

841
Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

10.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Author Spotlight: Alignment of Synchronized Time-Series Data Using the Characterizing Loss of Cell Cycle Synchrony Model for Cross-Experiment Comparisons
07:59

Author Spotlight: Alignment of Synchronized Time-Series Data Using the Characterizing Loss of Cell Cycle Synchrony Model for Cross-Experiment Comparisons

Published on: June 9, 2023

1.5K
The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

841
Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

10.0K

Area of Science:

  • Complex Systems Science
  • Data Analysis
  • Time Series Analysis

Background:

  • Time irreversibility, the lack of invariance under time reversal, is increasingly recognized in diverse systems.
  • Irreversible dynamics are linked to pathologies (e.g., brain, heart, gait) and market inefficiencies.
  • Assessing time series irreversibility is complex due to multiple causes and data manifestations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare numerical methods for testing time series irreversibility.
  • To analyze the hypotheses, limitations, and performance of existing algorithms.
  • To provide an open-source software library for irreversibility tests.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of time series irreversibility detection algorithms.
  • Comparative analysis of algorithmic performance, computational, and practical limitations.
  • Development and provision of an open-source software library.

Main Results:

  • Multiple numerical methods exist for assessing time series irreversibility, each with unique strengths and weaknesses.
  • The effectiveness and applicability of tests vary depending on the specific data and research question.
  • No single method universally captures all aspects of time irreversibility.

Conclusions:

  • Time series irreversibility assessment requires careful selection of appropriate methods.
  • Different tests offer complementary, and sometimes conflicting, insights.
  • Further research is needed to develop more robust and versatile irreversibility detection techniques.