Effects of Dual-Task Training on Gait Parameters in Elderly Patients with Mild Dementia

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of dual-task training (DTT) compared to single-task training (STT), on gait parameters in elderly patients with mild dementia (MD). Twenty-four elderly patients with MD were randomly assigned to the DTT (n = 13) or the STT group (n = 11). The DTT group performed a specific cognitive-motor DTT, while the STT group received only motor task training. Both training sessions lasted 8 weeks, with a frequency of 3 days per week, and the cognitive functions and gait parameters were measured. A statistically significant interaction effect was found between the two groups in stride length, stride velocity, cadence, step length, swing phase, stance phase, and double support phase (p < 0.05). After 8 weeks, the DTT group showed significant improvement in spatiotemporal parameters, except for the kinematic parameters (p < 0.05). In the between-group analysis, the DTT group showed more improvement than the STT group in stride velocity, step length, swing phase, stance phase, and double support (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that improvements in spatiotemporal gait parameters after DTT are reported in patients with MD. Our results can guide therapists to include dual tasks in their gait rehabilitation programs for the treatment of mild dementia.