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Ocular Sporotrichosis.

Max Carlos Ramírez-Soto1,2, Andrés Tirado-Sánchez3,4, Alexandro Bonifaz4

  • 1School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru.

Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ocular sporotrichosis, a rare fungal infection, is increasingly reported, affecting eye tissues. Early diagnosis and targeted treatments like itraconazole or amphotericin B are crucial for managing this condition.

Keywords:
Sporothrixconjunctivitisendophthalmitisocular adnexaocular infectionsporotrichosis

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Sporotrichosis is a fungal infection primarily affecting subcutaneous tissues, common in tropical and subtropical regions.
  • While typically localized, it can spread to other body parts, including the eyes, leading to ocular sporotrichosis.
  • Reports of ocular sporotrichosis are increasing, particularly in hyperendemic areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical findings, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of ocular sporotrichosis.
  • To highlight the increasing incidence and varied presentations of this rare ocular infection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on clinical presentations, geographical distribution, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies for ocular sporotrichosis.
  • Classification based on anatomical criteria: ocular adnexal (palpebral, conjunctivitis, lacrimal sac) and intraocular (endophthalmitis).

Main Results:

  • Ocular sporotrichosis presents as either adnexal or intraocular infections.
  • Adnexal infections are frequently reported in Brazil, China, and Peru; intraocular infections are documented in the USA and Brazil.
  • Diagnosis relies on isolating *Sporothrix* from ocular or skin samples via mycological examination.

Conclusions:

  • Ocular sporotrichosis, though rare, requires recognition due to increasing reports and potential for severe visual impairment.
  • Accurate diagnosis is essential as ocular sporotrichosis can mimic other infectious and non-infectious conditions.
  • Treatment varies based on infection site: potassium iodide and itraconazole for adnexal, amphotericin B for intraocular infections.