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LSD1: Expanding Functions in Stem Cells and Differentiation.

Carlos Martinez-Gamero1,2, Sandhya Malla1,2, Francesca Aguilo1,2

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Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is crucial for maintaining the balance between self-renewal and differentiation in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). This review explores LSD1

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KDM1ALSD1differentiationembryonic stem cellsepigeneticshistone methylationinduced pluripotent stem cellslysine-specific demethylasenon-histone substratepluripotencyself-renewal

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Mammalian development

Background:

  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are key models for studying cellular identity.
  • Histone methylation regulates gene expression, influencing stem cell self-renewal and differentiation.
  • Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A) is a histone demethylase affecting gene expression and cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on LSD1's role in stem cell biology.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of LSD1 in regulating stem cell state.
  • To understand LSD1's influence on self-renewal and pluripotency regulatory networks.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on LSD1 function in stem cells.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms involving histone and non-histone substrates.
  • Examination of regulatory circuitry controlling pluripotency and differentiation.

Main Results:

  • LSD1 demethylates H3K4me1/2 and H3K9me1/2, impacting gene expression.
  • LSD1 targets both histone and non-histone proteins.
  • LSD1 plays a context-dependent role in stem cell self-renewal and differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • LSD1 is a critical epigenetic regulator in stem cell pluripotency.
  • Understanding LSD1 mechanisms provides insights into stem cell fate determination.
  • LSD1 is a potential target for manipulating stem cell states.