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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Gene Digital Circuits Based on CRISPR-Cas Systems and Anti-CRISPR Proteins
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Gene Digital Circuits Based on CRISPR-Cas Systems and Anti-CRISPR Proteins

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CRISPR-Based Genetic Switches and Other Complex Circuits: Research and Application.

Pei Du1, Chunbo Lou2, Xuejin Zhao1

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

CRISPR enzymes enable versatile genetic switches for controlling gene expression in cells. These tools allow for complex biological circuits, with future applications expanding as new CRISPR enzymes are discovered.

Keywords:
CRISPRgenetic circuitgenetic switchtranscriptiontranslation

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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • CRISPR enzymes offer advantages in designability, modularity, and orthogonality for genetic engineering.
  • CRISPR-based genetic switches function at transcriptional and translational levels in various cell types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the design and applications of CRISPR-based genetic switches.
  • To highlight the potential of CRISPR systems in constructing complex biological circuits.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing deactivated CRISPR endonucleases and endoribonucleases.
  • Engineering genetic switches for gene expression activation or repression.
  • Assembling complex genetic circuits for sophisticated functions.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR genetic switches demonstrate control over gene expression at multiple biological levels.
  • Complex circuits built with these switches enable functions like inducibility and logical biocomputation.
  • Deactivated CRISPR enzymes are key components in these engineered genetic systems.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR-based genetic switches are powerful tools for synthetic biology.
  • The versatility of CRISPR systems supports advanced applications in gene regulation.
  • Ongoing discovery of CRISPR enzymes will broaden the scope of genetic switch applications.