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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR01:23

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CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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CRISPR01:59

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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CRISPR Screening: Molecular Tools for Studying Virus-Host Interactions.

Vladimir Chulanov1,2,3, Anastasiya Kostyusheva1, Sergey Brezgin1,2

  • 1National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, 127994 Moscow, Russia.

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|November 27, 2021
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Summary

CRISPR screening technologies enable the study of gene roles in viral infections. This review highlights CRISPR/Cas applications for identifying novel antiviral drug candidates by untangling host-viral interactions.

Keywords:
COVID-19Cas12Cas9HAVHIVSARS-CoV-2ZIKVhepatitis

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • CRISPR/Cas systems offer precise gene editing capabilities.
  • Understanding host-pathogen interactions is crucial for antiviral development.
  • CRISPR screening accelerates the identification of genes involved in viral infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in CRISPR/Cas technology for viral infection research.
  • To emphasize the utility of CRISPR screens in identifying antiviral targets.
  • To explore the potential of CRISPR screens in discovering novel antiviral drug candidates.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing whole-genome CRISPR screens to identify host factors.
  • Employing pathway-specific CRISPR screens for targeted gene analysis.
  • Analyzing CRISPR screen data to pinpoint genes critical for viral replication or host defense.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR screens have successfully identified numerous host genes modulating viral infections.
  • These screens facilitate the discovery of novel therapeutic targets.
  • The technology aids in dissecting complex host-pathogen interactions.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR/Cas screening is a transformative tool in antiviral research.
  • This approach accelerates the identification and validation of new antiviral strategies.
  • Further application of CRISPR screens promises significant advancements in combating viral diseases.