Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

15.3K
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
15.3K
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

6.6K
Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
6.6K
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

12.9K
A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
12.9K
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

3.9K
The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
3.9K
Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

8.2K
Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
8.2K
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

15.6K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
15.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Experimental sepsis causes SERCA2 expression in white adipose tissue but not classical browning.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Targeting lysosomal pH restores mitochondrial quality control in GBA1-mutant Parkinson's disease.

Translational neurodegeneration·2026
Same author

Mitophagy: an emerging therapeutic target in mitochondrial diseases.

The Biochemical journal·2026
Same author

Pathogenic variants in the autophagy-tethering factor EPG5 drive neurodegeneration through mitochondrial dysfunction and innate immune activation.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Chromatin- and actin-mediated mitochondrial streaming leads to patterning of mitochondrial distribution in oocytes.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Targeting mitochondrial deubiquitinase USP30 to induce mitophagy in heteroplasmic mitochondrial diseases.

Pharmacological reports : PR·2026
Same journal

Horizontal transfer of mitochondria in cancer: The physiology reborn in disease?

Trends in cell biology·2026
Same journal

Spindle errors: A stress test for epithelial robustness.

Trends in cell biology·2026
Same journal

Multicellular ecosystems: Linking cellular diversity to tissue function and disease.

Trends in cell biology·2026
Same journal

Orchestrating the signaling-bias at the protease-activated receptor, PAR1.

Trends in cell biology·2026
Same journal

Crashing by design: Utilizing DNA damage for MCC differentiation.

Trends in cell biology·2026
Same journal

The value of a shared lab: Our insights.

Trends in cell biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Author Spotlight: Transmitochondrial Cybrid Generation Using Cancer Cell Lines
07:49

Author Spotlight: Transmitochondrial Cybrid Generation Using Cancer Cell Lines

Published on: March 17, 2023

2.7K

Rewiring cell signalling pathways in pathogenic mtDNA mutations.

Chih-Yao Chung1, Gabriel E Valdebenito1, Anitta R Chacko1

  • 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.

Trends in Cell Biology
|November 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations disrupt cellular energy and signaling, influencing disease severity. Targeting these pathways offers new hope for treating primary mitochondrial diseases.

Keywords:
cell signallingheteroplasmymetabolic remodellingmitochondrial diseasemtDNA

More Related Videos

An In Vitro Approach to Study Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Cybrid Model
06:05

An In Vitro Approach to Study Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Cybrid Model

Published on: March 9, 2022

4.0K
Author Spotlight: Decoding Mitochondrial Aging
08:48

Author Spotlight: Decoding Mitochondrial Aging

Published on: June 30, 2023

4.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Author Spotlight: Transmitochondrial Cybrid Generation Using Cancer Cell Lines
07:49

Author Spotlight: Transmitochondrial Cybrid Generation Using Cancer Cell Lines

Published on: March 17, 2023

2.7K
An In Vitro Approach to Study Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Cybrid Model
06:05

An In Vitro Approach to Study Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Cybrid Model

Published on: March 9, 2022

4.0K
Author Spotlight: Decoding Mitochondrial Aging
08:48

Author Spotlight: Decoding Mitochondrial Aging

Published on: June 30, 2023

4.3K

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Mitochondria are vital for cellular energy production and signaling.
  • Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are linked to severe diseases.
  • The clinical presentation of mtDNA diseases varies widely.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging data on the role of cellular metabolism and signaling in mtDNA mutation-related diseases.
  • To highlight the importance of understanding mtDNA mutation impact on cellular energy homeostasis and signaling pathways.
  • To identify potential novel therapeutic interventions for primary mitochondrial diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on mtDNA mutations.
  • Analysis of data linking cellular metabolism and signaling to disease presentation and progression.
  • Synthesis of information on the impact of mtDNA mutations on cellular energy and signaling.

Main Results:

  • Changes in cellular metabolism and signaling pathways are key in shaping disease presentation and progression.
  • mtDNA mutations significantly impact cellular energy homeostasis.
  • Cellular signaling pathways are altered in response to mtDNA mutations.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the interplay between mtDNA mutations, cellular metabolism, and signaling is crucial.
  • Targeting cellular energy and signaling pathways may lead to improved therapeutic strategies.
  • This knowledge is fundamental for developing novel interventions for primary mitochondrial diseases.