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Updated: Oct 11, 2025
14:26
Genome-wide Purification of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA from Eukaryotic Cells
Published on: April 4, 2016
25.5K
[Whole-Genome Duplications in Evolution, Ontogeny, and Pathology: Complexity and Emergency Reserves]
O V Anatskaya1,2, A E Vinogradov1
1Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064 Russia.
Molekuliarnaia Biologiia
|November 27, 2021
Summary
Whole-genome duplication (WGD) enhances genetic information, driving evolution and adaptation in eukaryotes. This polyploidy in somatic cells impacts development, disease, and stress response, revealing its adaptive potential.
Area of Science:
- Genomics
- Evolutionary Biology
- Molecular Medicine
Background:
- Whole-genome duplication (WGD), or polyploidy, is a fundamental biological process increasing genetic material.
- WGD occurs across eukaryotes, influencing organismal speciation, complexity, and adaptation.
- Somatic-cell WGDs are prevalent in various tissues, linked to development, regeneration, aging, and diseases like cancer.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the functional significance, properties, and adaptive potential of WGDs.
- To identify common features between organismal and somatic/cancer cell polyploidy.
- To understand how WGD contributes to adaptive phenotypes.
Main Methods:
- Comparative analysis of whole-transcriptome data.
- Integration of information from molecular biology, genomics, and molecular medicine.
Main Results:
- Identified shared characteristics between organismal polyploidy and somatic/cancer cell polyploidy.
- Linked WGD's adaptive potential to increased regulatory network complexity, stress resistance, and activation of ancient cellular programs.
- Observed a shift in gene regulation balance towards cell survival under stress, potentially leading to diseases.
Conclusions:
- WGDs are crucial for generating novel phenotypes and act as a significant evolutionary driver.
- Polyploidy regulates biological processes in somatic cells during development, disease, regeneration, and transformation.
- Understanding WGD mechanisms offers insights into disease pathogenesis and evolutionary adaptation.
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