Neural architectures in the light of comparative connectomics

Since the Cambrian, animals diversified from a few body forms or bauplans, into many extinct and all extant species. A characteristic neural architecture serves each bauplan. How the connectome of each animal differs from that of closely related species or whether it converged into an optimal architecture shared with more distant ones is unknown. Recent technological innovations in molecular biology, microscopy, digital data storage and processing, and computational neuroscience have lowered the barriers for whole-brain connectomics. Comparative connectomics of suitable, relatively small, representative species across the phylogenetic tree can infer the archetypal neural architecture of each bauplan and identify any circuits that possibly converged onto a shared and potentially optimal, structure.