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Related Concept Videos

Sensory Modalities01:15

Sensory Modalities

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Sensation typically is the process by which the sensory receptors and sense organs detect stimuli from the internal and external environment and transmit this information to the central nervous system for processing.
General senses refer to the broad category of sensory information detected by receptors in the body and can be further grouped into somatic and visceral senses. Somatic sensations include touch, pressure, temperature, and pain and are essential for navigating our environment and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Frame-by-Frame Video Analysis of Idiosyncratic Reach-to-Grasp Movements in Humans
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Connectivity modulations induced by reach&grasp movements: a multidimensional approach.

Pietro Caliandro1, Gloria Menegaz2, Chiara Iacovelli3

  • 1UOC Neurologia - Dipartimento Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa-Collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.

Scientific Reports
|November 30, 2021
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Summary

Brain networks change during reach and grasp movements, with widespread event-related desynchronization (ERD) observed in alpha and beta bands. Functional connectivity analysis revealed reduced alpha coherence, particularly during non-dominant arm movements.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Brain Networks

Background:

  • Reach and grasp actions necessitate intricate coordination across multiple brain regions.
  • Understanding the neural underpinnings of these movements is crucial for diagnosing and treating motor disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between reach and grasp kinematics and electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain network alterations.
  • To explore the cortical correlates of reach and grasp movements using synchronized EEG and kinematic data.

Main Methods:

  • 10 healthy subjects performed 15 reach and grasp movements with each upper limb.
  • 64-channel EEG was recorded synchronously with movement kinematics.
  • EEG data were processed using EEGLAB to calculate event-related synchronization/desynchronization (ERS/ERD) and lagged linear coherence between Brodmann areas.
  • Network topology was assessed using sLORETA software, measuring local and global efficiency (clustering and path length) and small-worldness.

Main Results:

  • Widespread ERD in alpha (α) and beta (β) bands was observed during reach and grasp, predominantly in centro-parietal regions contralateral to the movement.
  • A reduction in alpha lagged linear coherence was found among Brodmann areas contralateral to the moving arm.
  • Left arm movements induced broader alpha coherence changes (occipital, insular, somatosensory cortices) compared to the more restricted sensorimotor modulation by the right arm.
  • No significant changes in clustering, path length, or small-worldness were detected between rest and movement conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The study identified specific EEG-based network changes associated with reach and grasp movements.
  • While network efficiency measures remained stable, altered functional connectivity suggests complex neural processing, potentially involving enhanced visual control for the non-dominant limb.
  • These findings contribute to understanding the neural basis of motor control and may inform future research in neurorehabilitation.