The differences in postural stability between cross-country and Alpine skiers with intellectual disabilities

Area of Science:

• Sports Science
• Biomechanics
• Disability Studies

Background:

• Intellectual disability (ID) can impact motor skills, including balance.
• Specialized sports training may enhance postural stability in individuals with ID.
• Alpine and Cross-country (XC) skiing require different balance demands.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze postural stability differences between Alpine and XC skiers with ID.
• To assess the influence of specific sports training on postural stability in individuals with ID.

Main Methods:

• Athletes with ID were categorized into four groups: Alpine skiers, XC skiers (2.5-10 km), XC skiers (500-1000 m), and XC skiers (50-100 m).
• Postural stability was measured using a Zebris FDM platform with eyes open and closed.
• Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD and t-tests.

Main Results:

• No significant differences in postural stability were found between Alpine and XC skiers.
• XC skiers covering longer distances (2.5-10 km) exhibited superior postural stability compared to shorter-distance XC skiers (500-1000 m).
• Increased postural sway (COP velocity) was observed with eyes closed in most groups, except for the shortest-distance XC skiers (50-100 m).

Conclusions:

• Alpine and XC skiing training did not lead to significant differences in postural stability among athletes with ID.
• Longer-distance XC skiing training appears to enhance balance skills more effectively, potentially benefiting everyday life activities.
• The study highlights the importance of training specificity in improving motor function in individuals with ID.