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Bioorthogonal Chemistry and Its Applications.

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Bioorthogonal chemistry enables biological exploration using non-native functional groups. This review details common reactions, biomolecule applications, and future potential in chemistry and biology.

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Area of Science:

  • Chemistry
  • Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Bioorthogonal chemistry utilizes non-native functional groups to study biological processes in living systems.
  • It offers precise tools for molecular investigation within complex biological environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review common bioorthogonal reactions, their pros and cons, and prevalence in literature.
  • To analyze the application of bioorthogonal chemistry in studying biomolecules like proteins, carbohydrates, glycans, and lipids.
  • To assess the publication trends of bioorthogonal chemistry applications, including imaging, drug delivery, and biomolecule characterization.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of common bioorthogonal reactions and their characteristics.
  • Analysis of publications in the CAS Content Collection focusing on bioorthogonal chemistry.
  • Examination of methods for attaching bioorthogonal functional groups to various biomolecules.
  • Categorization and analysis of bioorthogonal applications based on publication volume.

Main Results:

  • Identification of the most prevalent bioorthogonal reactions and their comparative advantages/disadvantages.
  • Quantification of the frequency of studying proteins, carbohydrates, glycans, and lipids using bioorthogonal chemistry.
  • Elaboration on common methods for functionalizing biomolecules for bioorthogonal studies.
  • Analysis of publication trends highlighting imaging, drug delivery, and biomolecule identification as key applications.

Conclusions:

  • Bioorthogonal chemistry is a powerful tool for exploring biological systems.
  • Current limitations exist, but future applications in chemistry and biology show significant promise.
  • The review provides a comprehensive overview of the field's current state and future directions.