An engineering review of external fixators.

Area of Science:

• Orthopaedic Surgery
• Biomedical Engineering
• Materials Science

Background:

• External fixators are versatile orthopaedic devices used for treating bone issues, including fractures, deformities, and dislocations.
• Their application spans from historical use (circa 400 BCE) to modern customized and optimized designs.
• Engineering principles are integral to enhancing external fixator performance and application.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in external fixator technology.
• To focus on structural innovations, material applications, and biomechanical assessments.
• To identify research gaps for future improvements in external fixator design and function.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent developments in external fixator technology.
• Analysis of structural designs and material properties.
• Examination of experimental and numerical biomechanical investigations.

Main Results:

• External fixators demonstrate significant versatility in treating various bone conditions.
• Recent developments focus on customization and optimization through engineering integration.
• Biomechanical investigations highlight areas for potential enhancement.

Conclusions:

• Continued integration of orthopaedic needs with engineering knowledge is vital for external fixator advancement.
• Addressing identified research gaps can lead to improved external fixator quality and patient outcomes.
• Further research into structure, materials, and biomechanics will optimize clinical applications.