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Measurement of Tissue Non-Heme Iron Content using a Bathophenanthroline-Based Colorimetric Assay
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Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure: Characteristics and Treatment
1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, GA USA.
Current Geriatrics Reports
|December 1, 2021
Summary
Iron deficiency negatively impacts heart failure patients. Intravenous iron repletion improves symptoms and reduces hospitalizations, highlighting the need for standardized screening and treatment in heart failure management.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Hematology
- Nutritional Science
Background:
- Iron deficiency is prevalent in heart failure (HF), impairing functional capacity and quality of life.
- HF is characterized by chronic inflammation, leading to dysregulated iron homeostasis and iron deficiency, even without anemia.
- Iron is crucial for mitochondrial energy production and cellular processes beyond erythropoiesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the mechanisms of iron homeostasis.
- To explore current clinical data on iron repletion strategies in HF patients.
- To propose standardized screening and treatment for iron deficiency in HF.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on iron homeostasis and HF.
- Analysis of clinical trial data on intravenous iron repletion in HF.
- Examination of diagnostic criteria for iron deficiency in HF.
Main Results:
- International guidelines recommend iron repletion for symptomatic HF patients with iron deficiency.
- Intravenous iron repletion has demonstrated benefits in functional capacity and quality of life.
- The AFFIRM-AHF trial showed reduced hospitalizations with iron treatment in acute HF settings.
Conclusions:
- Iron deficiency is a common and treatable complication of heart failure.
- Intravenous iron repletion offers significant benefits for HF patients.
- Standardized screening and treatment protocols for iron deficiency in HF are warranted.
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