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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression
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Brain structural associations with depression in a large early adolescent sample (the ABCD study®).

Xueyi Shen1, Niamh MacSweeney1, Stella W Y Chan2

  • 1Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom.

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Depression in early adolescence is linked to brain structure differences, similar to adults. These findings highlight the need for early intervention to address the disorder's origins.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Depression is a leading global cause of disability, with over 50% of cases starting before age 25.
  • Neuroimaging studies reveal structural brain differences in adults with depression, but origins in youth remain unclear.
  • Understanding early brain changes is crucial for etiology and intervention timing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate associations between brain structure and depression ratings in early adolescents.
  • To explore if imaging findings in adolescents resemble those in adult depression samples.
  • To examine the influence of caregiver vs. child reports and socio-environmental factors.

Main Methods:

  • Examined brain structure (cortical metrics, white matter integrity) in 8,634 early adolescents (9-11 years old) from the ABCD Study.
  • Utilized neuroimaging data collected between 2016 and 2018.
  • Compared depression ratings from caregivers and children, analyzing discrepancies.

Main Results:

  • Found decreased global cortical and white matter metrics in adolescent depression, particularly in frontal, limbic, and temporal areas.
  • Observed stronger imaging associations for caregiver-reported depression compared to child-reported.
  • Linked discrepancies between caregiver and child reports to negative socio-environmental factors like family conflict.

Conclusions:

  • Adolescent depression shows imaging patterns similar to adult depression, suggesting early neuroanatomical abnormalities.
  • These findings support the importance of early intervention for depression.
  • Reporter discrepancies and socio-environmental factors require further investigation in adolescent psychopathology and etiology.