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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT01:28

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT

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Cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning is an advanced cardiac imaging technique that utilizes CT technology, with or without intravenous (IV) contrast, to produce accurate cross-sectional virtual slices of specific areas of the heart, coronary circulation, and major blood vessels such as the aorta, pulmonary veins, and arteries. The computer processes these slices to generate three-dimensional images. Multidetector CT (MDCT) is a rapid form of CT scanning that captures multiple slices...
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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT01:25

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Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

A Magnetic Resonance Imaging-based Computational Protocol for Analysis of Plaque Morphology and Hemodynamics in Patients with Carotid Artery Stenosis
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Plaque Characterization with Computed Tomography Angiography Based on a Diluted-contrast Injection Protocol.

Yasuhisa Nakao1, Kazuki Yoshida2, Shinji Inaba1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.

Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan)
|December 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A new diluted-contrast computed tomography (CT) angiography protocol helps identify vulnerable coronary plaques. This method accurately detects lipid-rich plaques, a marker of vulnerability, by improving image clarity.

Keywords:
atherosclerosiscomputed tomographycoronary artery diseasecoronary plaqueintravascular ultrasound

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Imaging
  • Radiology
  • Interventional Cardiology

Background:

  • Low attenuation on computed tomography (CT) angiography suggests vulnerable coronary plaques.
  • Intracoronary attenuation can significantly affect plaque CT attenuation measurements.
  • A diluted-contrast injection protocol offers more uniform intracoronary attenuation compared to standard methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate the relationship between low-attenuation plaques identified by CT angiography and lipid-rich plaques.
  • To utilize integrated backscatter-intravascular ultrasound (IB-IVUS) as the gold standard for plaque characterization.
  • To assess the efficacy of a diluted-contrast CT angiography protocol in detecting vulnerable coronary plaques.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 39 plaques in 32 patients who underwent both diluted-contrast CT angiography and IB-IVUS.
  • Plaques were categorized into tertiles (T1, T2, T3) based on CT attenuation values.
  • Comparison of CT-derived plaque attenuation with IB-IVUS determined plaque characteristics, including lipid content.

Main Results:

  • The lowest CT attenuation tertile (T1) showed the highest percentage of lipid area (75.1%) via IB-IVUS (p<0.01).
  • A significant negative correlation was observed between plaque CT attenuation and lipid-rich plaque percentage (r=-0.59, p<0.01).
  • Conventional quantitative intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) parameters like plaque burden did not differ significantly across tertiles.

Conclusions:

  • CT angiography using a diluted-contrast protocol enables quantitative detection of lipid-rich coronary plaques.
  • This imaging technique may improve the identification of vulnerable plaques, aiding in risk stratification.
  • The improved intracoronary attenuation uniformity is key to accurate CT-based plaque characterization.