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Published on: June 30, 2023
Isoforms of autophagy-related proteins: role in glioma progression and therapy resistance
Elizaveta Belyaeva1, Rajesh Kumar Kharwar2, Ilya V Ulasov3
1Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostics, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
Abstract:
Autophagy is the process of recycling and utilization of degraded organelles and macromolecules in the cell compartments formed during the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. During autophagy induction the healthy and tumor cells adapt themselves to harsh conditions such as cellular stress or insufficient supply of nutrients in the cell environment to maintain their homeostasis. Autophagy is currently seen as a form of programmed cell death along with apoptosis and necroptosis. In recent years multiple studies have considered the autophagy as a potential mechanism of anticancer therapy in malignant glioma. Although, subsequent steps in autophagy development are known and well-described, on molecular level the mechanism of autophagosome initiation and maturation using autophagy-related proteins is under investigation. This article reviews current state about the mechanism of autophagy, its molecular pathways and the most recent studies on roles of autophagy-related proteins and their isoforms in glioma progression and its treatment.
Insights
Autophagy, a cellular recycling process, helps cells adapt to stress and is explored for anticancer therapy in malignant glioma. Its molecular mechanisms, especially involving autophagy-related proteins, are key to understanding glioma progression and treatment.
Area of Science:
- Cellular Biology
- Molecular Oncology
Background:
- Autophagy is a cellular process for recycling degraded components.
- It aids cell adaptation to stress and nutrient deprivation, maintaining homeostasis.
- Autophagy is increasingly recognized as a form of programmed cell death.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of autophagy mechanisms.
- To explore the role of autophagy-related proteins in glioma.
- To discuss autophagy's potential in malignant glioma treatment.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of autophagy mechanisms.
- Analysis of molecular pathways involved in autophagy.
- Examination of recent studies on autophagy-related proteins in glioma.
Main Results:
- Autophagy is crucial for cell survival under stress.
- Autophagy-related proteins are implicated in glioma progression.
- The precise molecular mechanisms of autophagosome formation require further investigation.
Conclusions:
- Autophagy plays a dual role in cancer, potentially promoting or inhibiting tumor growth.
- Autophagy-related proteins and their isoforms are critical targets for glioma therapy.
- Further research into autophagy's molecular intricacies is essential for developing effective anticancer strategies.
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