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Related Concept Videos

Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Detection of RNA-binding Proteins by In Vitro RNA Pull-down in Adipocyte Culture
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Detection of RNA-binding Proteins by In Vitro RNA Pull-down in Adipocyte Culture

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The "guiding" principles of noncoding RNA function.

Manisha Deogharia1,2, Priyatansh Gurha1,2

  • 1Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. RNA
|December 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) regulate cellular processes by interacting with RNA or DNA. These interactions, including Watson-Crick and noncanonical base pairing, are crucial for ncRNA function and target specificity.

Keywords:
CRISPRLncRNAbase pairingmiRNAsnoRNA

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Identification of RNAs Engaged in Direct RNA-RNA Interaction with a Long Non-Coding RNA
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Identification of RNAs Engaged in Direct RNA-RNA Interaction with a Long Non-Coding RNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • The human genome produces abundant noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that regulate gene expression.
  • ncRNAs are classified as small or long and are found across all domains of life.
  • ncRNAs function by interacting with proteins and other nucleic acids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a mechanistic overview of RNA-RNA and RNA-DNA interactions in ncRNA function.
  • To highlight shared evolutionary mechanisms and conserved features of ncRNA-protein complexes.
  • To illustrate how base pairing dictates ncRNA target specificity and site selection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ncRNA interactions.
  • Analysis of base pairing mechanisms (Watson-Crick, Wobble, Hoogsteen).
  • Examination of ncRNA-protein complex features like target selection and proofreading.

Main Results:

  • ncRNAs utilize diverse base pairing strategies, including noncanonical types, for guide-target interactions.
  • Shared evolutionary mechanisms govern ncRNA function across different types.
  • Conserved features in ncRNA-protein complexes ensure target specificity and site selection.

Conclusions:

  • Base pairing interactions are fundamental to ncRNA function and regulation.
  • ncRNAs employ conserved mechanisms for target recognition and binding.
  • Understanding these interactions is key to deciphering ncRNA roles in cellular processes.