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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Ceramic Omnidirectional Bioprinting in Cell-Laden Suspensions for the Generation of Bone Analogs
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Vascularized bone regeneration accelerated by 3D-printed nanosilicate-functionalized polycaprolactone scaffold.

Xiongcheng Xu1,2, Long Xiao1,2, Yanmei Xu1,2

  • 1Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, China.

Regenerative Biomaterials
|December 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study developed 3D-printed polycaprolactone/Laponite (PCL/LAP) scaffolds that significantly enhance bone regeneration. These innovative biomaterials promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis, offering a promising solution for critical oral-maxillofacial bone defects.

Keywords:
angiogenesisbone regenerationnanosilicateosteogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Background:

  • Critical oral-maxillofacial bone defects pose significant reconstruction challenges.
  • Personalized 3D-printed biomaterials offer potential for bone repair.
  • Laponite (LAP) nanosilicates enhance biomaterial bioactivity and biocompatibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate and evaluate 3D-printed nanosilicate-functionalized polycaprolactone (PCL/LAP) scaffolds for oral-maxillofacial bone regeneration.
  • To investigate the in vitro and in vivo bioactivities of PCL/LAP scaffolds.
  • To assess the potential of PCL/LAP as a bone substitute for defect reconstruction.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of porous PCL/LAP scaffolds using 3D printing technology.
  • In vitro assessment of cytocompatibility, osteogenic differentiation, and angiogenic potential of BMSCs cultured on PCL/LAP.
  • In vivo implantation of PCL/LAP scaffolds in a rat calvarial defect model to evaluate bone regeneration and vascularization.

Main Results:

  • PCL/LAP exhibited excellent cytocompatibility and enhanced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) viability.
  • PCL/LAP stimulated osteogenic differentiation and angiogenic gene expression in BMSCs.
  • BMSCs cultured on PCL/LAP promoted endothelial cell angiogenesis.
  • In vivo studies confirmed the toxicological safety of PCL/LAP and demonstrated significant enhancement of vascularized bone formation in calvarial defects.

Conclusions:

  • 3D-printed PCL/LAP scaffolds demonstrate potent osteogenic and angiogenic properties.
  • PCL/LAP scaffolds significantly enhance vascularized bone regeneration in vivo.
  • These findings suggest that 3D-printed PCL/LAP holds great promise as an advanced bone substitute for oral-maxillofacial reconstruction.