Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

470
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
470
Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

211
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
211

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Developmental Profile and Variability in Preschool-Age Children With Down Syndrome.

Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR·2026
Same author

Cognitive and Affective-Emotional Factors in Math Achievement: The Mediating Role of Intelligence.

Journal of Intelligence·2026
Same author

Music Ensemble: a large dataset on musicianship, cognition, and personality in musicians and nonmusicians.

Scientific data·2026
Same author

What Motivates Parents of Young Children With Down Syndrome to Participate in Research: A Focus Group Analysis.

Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARID·2026
Same author

Does injury proneness aid or impair navigation ability? A study on self-reported errors, risk and evaluation behaviors in relation to sense of direction.

Cognitive processing·2025
Same author

Enhancing the quality and reproducibility of research: Preferred Evaluation of Cognitive and Neuropsychological Studies - The PECANS statement for human studies.

Behavior research methods·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
09:05

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)

Published on: June 12, 2017

30.1K

Developmental trajectories of spatial-sequential and spatial-simultaneous working memory in Down syndrome.

B Carretti1, C Meneghetti1, E Doerr1

  • 1Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.

Journal of Intellectual Disability Research : JIDR
|December 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Working memory (WM) development in Down syndrome (DS) shows distinct patterns compared to typical development (TD). Performance in spatial WM tasks plateaus in individuals with DS around age 13, unlike TD children.

Keywords:
Down syndromedevelopmental trajectoriesspatial-sequential working memoryspatial-simultaneous working memory

More Related Videos

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
09:13

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

16.7K
Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

34.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
09:05

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)

Published on: June 12, 2017

30.1K
Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
09:13

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

16.7K
Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

34.4K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Working memory (WM) is a known area of difficulty for individuals with Down syndrome (DS).
  • Previous research often compared WM in DS to typical development (TD) based on mental or developmental age.
  • Understanding WM development relative to chronological age and developmental level is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental trajectories of spatial-sequential and spatial-simultaneous WM in individuals with DS.
  • To compare these trajectories with those of typically developing (TD) children.
  • To examine the influence of chronological age versus developmental level on WM development in DS.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study involving 84 individuals with DS (7-30 years) and 327 TD children (4-8 years).
  • Assessment of spatial-sequential and spatial-simultaneous WM using specific tasks.
  • Evaluation of general verbal and spatial developmental levels.

Main Results:

  • Spatial-simultaneous WM performance was lower than spatial-sequential WM in both groups.
  • WM development in individuals with DS followed a segmented trajectory, peaking around 13 years and then plateauing.
  • TD children showed linear WM development with age, though with a discontinuity in spatial-sequential WM around age 6.

Conclusions:

  • WM development in individuals with DS differs significantly from TD, particularly concerning chronological age progression.
  • Developmental level, rather than chronological age, appears to be a more consistent predictor of WM performance across both groups.
  • These findings highlight the need for age-appropriate interventions considering the unique developmental trajectory of WM in Down syndrome.