Human genome-wide analysis and identification of the hyperphosphorylation-elicited interactions between subarachnoid...

Abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau can be recognized by a variety of phosphoprotein-binding domains (PBDs) to elicit downstream tau signaling in neuropathology, which has been found to have a potential association with subarachnoid hemorrhage. In this study, the genome-wide binding behavior of tau phosphorylation sites (p-sites) to PBDs involved in subarachnoid hyperphosphorylation events was systematically profiled at molecular level by integrating peptide docking, structural minimization, affinity scoring, and binding assay, from which a number of potent PBD-p-site interaction pairs were identified. It was revealed that the PBD domains exhibit distinct binding preferences for phosphotyrosine, phosphoserine, and phosphothreonine p-sites; the PBD-recognition specificity of different tau p-sites is not overlapped with each other, and their phosphorylations would therefore regulate varying biological functions in tau signaling. A number of PBD-p-site pairs were identified to have potent binding potency as compared to others. The KCIP-pS[393-399] pair was found as a strong binder, which was further optimized with a rational peptide design protocol to derive a number of affinity-improved phosphopeptides. Structural analysis revealed diverse noncovalent chemical forces across the complex interface of KCIP domain with a designed high-affinity pS[393-399]-d4, which confers both stability and specificity to the domain-peptide complex system, with affinity improved by 10.9-fold relative to the native pS[393-399].