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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
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Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
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COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

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Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
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Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis01:23

Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis

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Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Lung CT Segmentation to Identify Consolidations and Ground Glass Areas for Quantitative Assesment of SARS-CoV Pneumonia
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[Pathogenesis and morphological changes in the lung in COVID-19].

E A Zarubin1, E A Kogan1

  • 1I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

Arkhiv Patologii
|December 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This review explores how extracellular vesicles (ECVs) might influence the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Understanding ECVs

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2coronaviruscoronavirus infectionexosomesextracellular vesicleslungsmechanismspathogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Virology and Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Pathogenesis Research

Background:

  • The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, a global health crisis impacting respiratory and vascular systems.
  • Understanding SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis is crucial for developing effective countermeasures.
  • Extracellular vesicles (ECVs) are implicated in various physiological and pathological processes, including infectious diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current data on the pathomorphogenesis of COVID-19.
  • To elucidate the potential role of extracellular vesicles (ECVs) in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on COVID-19 pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of research investigating the function of extracellular vesicles (ECVs) in disease.
  • Synthesis of data connecting ECVs to SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Extracellular vesicles (ECVs) are increasingly recognized for their involvement in intercellular communication.
  • Evidence suggests ECVs may play a role in the spread and modulation of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • The composition and function of ECVs in COVID-19 patients require further detailed investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Extracellular vesicles (ECVs) represent a potential area of study for understanding COVID-19 pathomorphogenesis.
  • Further research into ECVs could reveal novel therapeutic targets for managing SARS-CoV-2.
  • The intricate role of ECVs in infectious diseases warrants continued exploration.