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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

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Quantifying Spin-Mixed States in Ferromagnets.

Justin M Shaw1, Ronny Knut2, Abigail Armstrong3

  • 1Quantum Electromagnetics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.

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|December 3, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study quantifies spin-mixed states in ferromagnetic metals using orbital moment measurements. Researchers experimentally determined the spin-mixing parameter, previously only available through theoretical calculations.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Mechanics

Background:

  • Spin-mixed states are crucial for phenomena like Elliot-Yafet scattering.
  • Quantifying the spin-mixing parameter has been limited to theoretical methods.
  • Accurate quantification is essential for understanding magnetic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally quantify spin-mixed states in ferromagnetic 3D transition metals.
  • To demonstrate that spin-mixing parameters can be determined through precise measurements.
  • To refine existing theoretical models of magnetic properties.

Main Methods:

  • Precise measurement of the orbital magnetic moment.
  • Comparison of ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy (FMR) with x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD).
  • Utilizing ab initio relativistic electronic structure theory for validation.

Main Results:

  • Successfully quantified the spin-mixing parameter experimentally.
  • Demonstrated the presence of spin-mixed states in ferromagnetic 3D transition metals.
  • Showed that Kittel's g-factor derivation needs modification to include spin mixing.

Conclusions:

  • Experimental quantification of spin-mixing parameters is feasible.
  • Spin mixing of valence band states significantly impacts magnetic properties.
  • The study provides a new experimental pathway for characterizing magnetic materials.