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Drug design is a dynamic field that involves discovering and developing new medications based on specific biological targets. This process heavily relies on structure-activity relationships (SAR) and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) to guide the design and optimization of efficient drugs.
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Conjugated dienes are compounds characterized by the presence of alternating double and single bonds. In a conjugated system like 1,3-butadiene, the unhybridized 2p orbital on each carbon overlaps continuously, allowing the π electrons to be delocalized across the entire molecule. In contrast, this type of overlap does not occur in cumulated and isolated dienes, such as 2,3-pentadiene and 1,4-pentadiene, respectively. Instead, the π electrons remain localized between the double...
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Local anesthetics (LAs) are drugs that induce a temporary loss of sensation in a limited body area, preventing pain. Cocaine was the first local anesthetic discovered in the late 19th century. Cocaine is a benzoic acid ester obtained from the leaves of coca shrubs and was often used for its psychotropic effects. Cocaine was first isolated in 1860 by Albert Niemann. Sigmund Freud studied the physiological actions of cocaine. Carl Koller later introduced it into clinical practice in 1884 as a...
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Updated: Oct 11, 2025

A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products
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Vibsane-Type Diterpenoids: Structures, Derivatives, Bioactivities, and Synthesis.

Meng Li1, Zhi-Ping Zhou1, Zai-Feng Yuan1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China.

Chemistry & Biodiversity
|December 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Vibsane diterpenoids, complex natural products from Viburnum plants, exhibit significant biological activities. This review covers their discovery, synthesis, and applications from 1980-2021.

Keywords:
AdoxaceaeViburnumbioactivitiesditerpenoidssynthesis

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Area of Science:

  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Organic Synthesis
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Vibsane-type diterpenoids are rare macrocyclic compounds from the Viburnum genus.
  • First reported in 1980, their complex structures and biological activities have spurred scientific interest.
  • These compounds present significant synthetic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key advancements in vibsane diterpenoid research.
  • To cover discoveries, synthetic strategies, structural modifications, and pharmacological mechanisms.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of achievements between 1980 and 2021.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications from 1980-2021.
  • Analysis of reported isolation, structure elucidation, and synthetic studies.
  • Examination of studies on biological activities and pharmacological mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in the discovery and structural diversity of vibsane diterpenoids.
  • Development of various synthetic approaches to access these complex molecules.
  • Identification of notable biological activities and insights into their pharmacological actions.

Conclusions:

  • Vibsane diterpenoids remain a fascinating class of natural products with ongoing research interest.
  • Continued exploration is crucial for understanding their full therapeutic potential.
  • This review consolidates recent progress, highlighting future research directions.