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Related Concept Videos

Inhaled Medications01:23

Inhaled Medications

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Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
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Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions01:25

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions

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Drug interactions occur when the pharmacological effect of one drug is altered by another substance, either enhancing or diminishing its activity. The drug whose activity is altered is known as the object drug, and the substance causing the alteration is called the agent drug or the precipitant. The net effects of these interactions are mostly undesirable, leading to decreased effectiveness or increased adverse effects. In rare cases, interactions can be beneficial, such as the enhanced...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Food and Drug–Viral Interactions01:26

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Food and Drug–Viral Interactions

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A drug interaction occurs when the concurrent use of another drug, food, or an external substance alters the pharmacological activity of a drug. This interaction can modify the action of the original drug, affecting its effectiveness and safety.Drug–food interactions are significant as they impact drug absorption, metabolism, and excretion. For example, grapefruit juice is a well-known disruptor of drug metabolism. It inhibits the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme, crucial for the metabolism of...
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Additional Routes of Drug Administration01:18

Additional Routes of Drug Administration

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Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
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Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

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Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System
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Drug Interactions With Oral Inhaled Medications.

Chanelle M Ajimura1, Nikhil Jagan2, Lee E Morrow2

  • 1PPGY1 Pharmacy Practice Resident Providence Portland, Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA.

The Journal of Pharmacy Technology : Jpt : Official Publication of the Association of Pharmacy Technicians
|December 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oral inhaled medications (OIMs) can have significant drug interactions. The most common involves inhaled corticosteroids with CYP 450 inhibitors, potentially causing adverse reactions.

Keywords:
antibioticsantimuscarinicantiviralscorticosteroiddrug interactionsmucolyticsnicotineoral inhaled medicationprostacyclinsβ-agonist

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Pharmacy
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Oral inhaled medications (OIMs) encompass a wide range of drugs, including bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and others.
  • Potential drug interactions with OIMs require careful consideration in clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate the potential for drug interactions associated with various oral inhaled medications (OIMs).

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted from 1980 to May 2018 using PubMed and EBSCO.
  • Included studies focused on human applications of OIMs, utilizing case reports, clinical trials, reviews, guidelines, and package labeling.

Main Results:

  • OIMs are susceptible to both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug interactions.
  • A frequent and clinically significant interaction involves inhaled corticosteroids combined with potent CYP 450 inhibitors (e.g., protease inhibitors, antifungals).

Conclusions:

  • Oral inhaled medications (OIMs) are associated with clinically significant drug interactions and potential adverse events.
  • Healthcare providers must remain vigilant regarding these interactions to optimize patient therapy and minimize risks.