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Thyroid autoimmunity and endemic goiter.

G F Fenzi, L Bartalena, A Lombardi

    Endocrinologia Experimentalis
    |March 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study found increased thyroid autoantibodies in adults in an endemic goiter region, but no direct link to goiter presence. Parental goiter, not antibodies, predicted goiter in children.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Immunology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • The role of autoimmune phenomena in endemic goiter remains unclear, with conflicting global data.
    • Previous studies show varied results regarding thyroid antibodies and endemic goiter.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the prevalence of circulating thyroid antibodies in an endemic goiter area in northwestern Tuscany.
    • To assess the relationship between thyroid antibodies, goiter, and iodine status in a community.

    Main Methods:

    • A community-based survey using P.A.H.O. criteria.
    • Evaluated thyroid size, urinary iodine excretion, and thyroid antibodies (TgAb, MAb, TBIAb, TGSAb) in schoolchildren and their parents.
    • Assessed thyroid hormones (TT3, TT4, TSH).

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    Main Results:

    • High prevalence of goiter (77.9% in children, 94.8% in parents) and low iodine excretion (55.0 µg/24h).
    • Increased frequency of thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) and microsomal antibodies (MAb) in adults (14.4%) compared to controls, but not in children (4.3%).
    • No correlation found between parental thyroid antibodies and goiter in children; however, parental goiter was a significant predictor of goiter in children.

    Conclusions:

    • Thyroid autoantibodies are more frequent in adults in this endemic goiter region, but do not correlate with goiter presence.
    • Iodine deficiency and genetic factors, indicated by parental goiter, appear to be primary drivers of endemic goiter in this population.