Land use and land cover changes and their impacts on surface-atmosphere interactions in Brazil: A systematic review

Major land use and land cover changes (LULCC) have taken place in Brazil, including large scale conversion of forest to agriculture. LULCC alters surface-atmosphere interactions, changing the timing and magnitude of energy fluxes, impacting the partitioning of available energy, and therefore the climate and water balance. The objective of this work was to provide a detailed analysis of how LULCC has affected surface-atmosphere interactions over the Brazilian territory, particularly focusing on impacts on precipitation (P), evapotranspiration (ET), and atmospheric humidity (h). Our systematic review yielded 61 studies, with the Amazon being the most studied biome followed by the Cerrado. P was the most analyzed variable, followed by ET. Few papers analyzed LULCC impacts on h. For the Amazon biome, decreasing dry season P and in annual ET were reported. In the Cerrado biome, decreasing P in the wet and dry seasons and decreasing dry season ET were the most common result. For the Atlantic Forest biome, increasing annual P and increasing wet season ET, likely due to reforestation, were reported. Few studies documented LULCC impacts on surface-atmosphere interactions over the Brazilian biomes Caatinga, Pantanal and Pampa. Therefore, new research is needed to assess impacts of LULCC on these biomes, including assessments of atmospheric moisture recycling, and interactions of LULCC with global climate and climate extremes including droughts.