Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

7.0K
Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
7.0K
Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

84
DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
84

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Incorporating Tissue Composition Information in Total-Body PET Metabolic Quantification of Bone Marrow through Dual-Energy CT.

ArXiv·2026
Same author

Genitourinary Radiation Injury: A Mixed-methods Study Exploring Patient-reported Outcomes and Impact on Quality of Life.

Urology·2025
Same author

Salvage Artificial Urinary Sphincter Placement After Sling Failure: Long-term Outcomes and Institutional Predictors in a Population-based Cohort.

Urology·2025
Same author

Crowd-sourcing optimized abdomen CT protocols from 908,000 examinations in a large radiation dose registry.

European radiology·2025
Same author

Diagnostic reference levels for indication-based CT categories in pediatric CT: data from an international registry.

European radiology·2025
Same author

Cancer Risk Associated With Radiation Doses Used for CT Scans in Pediatric and General Hospitals.

Hospital pediatrics·2025
Same journal

The radiographic bubbly fecal pattern of intestinal pneumatosis in newborns revisited.

Pediatric radiology·2026
Same journal

Regional differences in fetal fat accretion in small-for-gestational-age fetuses assessed by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging.

Pediatric radiology·2026
Same journal

Thermal ablation of lung metastases in children: what every paediatric radiologist should know.

Pediatric radiology·2026
Same journal

Prediction of early recurrence in primary intussusception: development of an ultrasound-based radiomics and deep learning nomogram.

Pediatric radiology·2026
Same journal

Pediatric SARS-CoV-2 long term outcomes study: chest radiographic and computed tomography findings at baseline.

Pediatric radiology·2026
Same journal

Pediatric radiology informatics within a larger academic practice.

Pediatric radiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Patient-Specific Polyvinyl Alcohol Phantom Fabrication with Ultrasound and X-Ray Contrast for Brain Tumor Surgery Planning
08:41

Patient-Specific Polyvinyl Alcohol Phantom Fabrication with Ultrasound and X-Ray Contrast for Brain Tumor Surgery Planning

Published on: July 14, 2020

8.7K

Reference phantom selection in pediatric computed tomography using data from a large, multicenter registry.

Philip W Chu1, Sophronia Yu2, Yifei Wang1

  • 1Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th St., Box 0560, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.

Pediatric Radiology
|December 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric CT radiation dose reporting varies. Using smaller 16-cm phantoms for body scans in children, instead of 32-cm phantoms, significantly increases reported radiation doses (DLP and CTDIvol).

Keywords:
ChildrenComputed tomographyPhantomRadiation doseReference phantomRegistry

More Related Videos

Whole-body PET/MRI of Pediatric Patients: The Details That Matter
10:02

Whole-body PET/MRI of Pediatric Patients: The Details That Matter

Published on: December 19, 2017

14.8K
Construction of a Preclinical Multimodality Phantom Using Tissue-mimicking Materials for Quality Assurance in Tumor Size Measurement
06:33

Construction of a Preclinical Multimodality Phantom Using Tissue-mimicking Materials for Quality Assurance in Tumor Size Measurement

Published on: July 29, 2013

11.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Patient-Specific Polyvinyl Alcohol Phantom Fabrication with Ultrasound and X-Ray Contrast for Brain Tumor Surgery Planning
08:41

Patient-Specific Polyvinyl Alcohol Phantom Fabrication with Ultrasound and X-Ray Contrast for Brain Tumor Surgery Planning

Published on: July 14, 2020

8.7K
Whole-body PET/MRI of Pediatric Patients: The Details That Matter
10:02

Whole-body PET/MRI of Pediatric Patients: The Details That Matter

Published on: December 19, 2017

14.8K
Construction of a Preclinical Multimodality Phantom Using Tissue-mimicking Materials for Quality Assurance in Tumor Size Measurement
06:33

Construction of a Preclinical Multimodality Phantom Using Tissue-mimicking Materials for Quality Assurance in Tumor Size Measurement

Published on: July 29, 2013

11.5K

Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiology
  • Pediatric Imaging

Background:

  • Radiation dose metrics in medical imaging are influenced by the calibration reference phantom used.
  • Standard practice employs 16-cm phantoms for adult head imaging and 32-cm phantoms for adult body imaging.
  • Phantom selection patterns in pediatric CT examinations are not well-documented.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze phantom selection in pediatric CT scans.
  • To investigate the impact of phantom selection on reported radiation doses in children.
  • To identify variations by patient age, body region, and scanner manufacturer.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 106,837 pediatric CT exams (up to 17 years) from 2015-2020.
  • Description of reference phantom use patterns by body region, age, and manufacturer.
  • Comparison of dose-length product (DLP) and volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) between 16-cm and 32-cm phantom references.

Main Results:

  • Phantom selection was largely consistent by body region (e.g., 16-cm for head, 32-cm for chest/abdomen).
  • GE scanners showed some deviation, using 16-cm phantoms for pediatric chest/abdomen scans in younger children.
  • Scans referenced to 16-cm phantoms reported 2-3 times higher DLP and CTDIvol values than those referenced to 32-cm phantoms.

Conclusions:

  • Reference phantom selection in pediatric CT is generally consistent.
  • A small percentage of pediatric chest and abdomen scans (~5%) incorrectly use 16-cm phantoms.
  • This non-standard phantom use leads to significantly overestimated radiation dose values (approximately double).