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Comprehensive Analysis of the Immune and Prognostic Implication of MMP14 in Lung Cancer
Chun-Long Zheng1, Qiang Lu1, Nian Zhang2
1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China.
Abstract:
More and more studies have indicated an association between immune infiltration in lung cancer and clinical outcomes. Matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14) has been reported to be dysregulated in many types of tumors and involved in the development and progression of tumors. However, its contribution to cancer immunity was rarely reported. In the study, we found that MMP14 expression was distinctly upregulated in lung cancer specimens compared with nontumor lung specimens. High MMP14 expression predicted a poor prognosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) patients. Increased MMP14 expressions were observed to be positively related to high immune infiltration levels in most of the immune cells. A pathway enrichment analysis of 32 MMP14-associated immunomodulators indicated the involvement of T cell receptor signaling pathway and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Based on MMP14-associated immunomodulators, we applied multivariate assays to construct multiple-gene risk prediction signatures. We observed that risk scores were independently associated with overall survival. These data highlighted that MMP14 was involved in tumor immunity, indicating that MMP14 could serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for lung cancer. Our data suggest that the four genes identified in this study may serve as valuable biomarkers of lung cancer patient outcomes.
Insights
Matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14) is upregulated in lung cancer, correlating with poor prognosis and increased immune cell infiltration. MMP14 may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for lung cancer patients.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Immune infiltration in lung cancer impacts clinical outcomes.
- Matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14) is dysregulated in various tumors but its role in cancer immunity is understudied.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of MMP14 in lung cancer immunity and its potential as a prognostic biomarker.
- To identify MMP14-associated immunomodulators and develop a risk prediction signature for lung cancer.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of MMP14 expression in lung cancer specimens.
- Correlation analysis between MMP14 expression, immune infiltration, and patient prognosis.
- Pathway enrichment analysis of MMP14-associated immunomodulators.
- Multivariate assays to construct gene-based risk prediction signatures.
Main Results:
- MMP14 expression was significantly upregulated in lung cancer tissues compared to non-tumor tissues.
- High MMP14 expression was associated with poor prognosis in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and positively correlated with immune cell infiltration.
- Pathway analysis revealed involvement of T cell receptor and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways.
- A risk score based on MMP14-associated immunomodulators independently predicted overall survival.
Conclusions:
- MMP14 plays a role in lung cancer immunity and is a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.
- The identified MMP14-associated genes may serve as valuable biomarkers for predicting lung cancer patient outcomes.
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