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Emergency Action Planning in School-Based Athletics: A Systematic Review
Riley Hedberg1, William Messamore1, Tanner Poppe1
1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Sports Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS.
Kansas Journal of Medicine
|December 6, 2021
Summary
Emergency Action Plan (EAP) adoption varies widely in U.S. schools, with low compliance to recommendations. Further research is needed to understand barriers to EAP implementation for athlete safety.
Area of Science:
- Sports Medicine
- Public Health
- Athletic Training
Background:
- Preventable catastrophic injuries are common in secondary school athletics.
- Compliance with Emergency Action Plan (EAP) recommendations is not well-documented.
- Athlete health and safety in school sports require robust EAPs, athletic trainer (AT) access, and automated external defibrillator (AED) availability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review EAP compliance in school-based athletics.
- To assess the availability of athletic trainers (ATs) and automated external defibrillators (AEDs).
- To identify current legislative mandates related to athlete safety in school sports.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of electronic databases for studies on EAP adoption, implementation, or compliance.
- Inclusion of studies in English focusing on athlete health guidelines.
- Examination of study quality, validity, and data grouping by outcome measures.
Main Results:
- EAP adoption rates ranged from 55%-100%, but only 9.9% of schools complied with all National Athletic Trainers Association (NATA) EAP guidelines.
- Annual EAP rehearsal and review occurred in 18.2%-91.6% of schools with an EAP.
- Access to ATs was reported in 50%-81% of schools, AEDs in 61%-94.4%, with varying compliance to specific NATA guidelines (e.g., heat illness 2.5%-27.5%) and limited state mandates.
Conclusions:
- Significant variability exists in EAP adoption and low compliance rates with EAP guidelines in U.S. schools.
- Barriers impeding EAP adoption and compliance require further investigation.
- Identifying factors that facilitate EAP implementation is crucial for improving athlete safety.
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