Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

Hormones and Bone Tissue

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.

Urine Studies I: Urinalysis

Urine Studies I: Urinalysis

Urinalysis is a widely used diagnostic test that analyzes urine's physical, chemical, and microscopic characteristics. Healthcare providers use it to detect and monitor various health conditions, including renal disease, urinary tract infections (UTIs), diabetes, and metabolic or systemic disorders.Components of UrinalysisUrinalysis consists of three primary components: physical, chemical, and microscopic examination. Each provides unique insights into the urine sample and, by extension, the...

Serum Studies: Renal Function Tests

Serum Studies: Renal Function Tests

Renal function tests are crucial for assessing kidney health, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating the kidneys' efficiency in waste elimination, fluid balance, and electrolyte regulation. These tests offer critical insights into kidney function, even though routine measurements may appear normal until there is a significant decline in the glomerular filtration rate or GFR. Typically, signs of kidney impairment only become evident when the GFR falls to about 50% of its normal level.

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Issues in modern bone histomorphometry.

Bone·2011

Same author

The effect of lead on bone mineral properties from female adult C57/BL6 mice.

Bone·2010

Same author

The (1)H NMR structure of bovine Pb(2+)-osteocalcin and implications for lead toxicity.

Biochimica et biophysica acta·2008

Same author

Spectroscopic markers of bone quality in alendronate-treated postmenopausal women.

Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA·2008

Same author

Telemedicine and telepresence for trauma and emergency care management.

Scandinavian journal of surgery : SJS : official organ for the Finnish Surgical Society and the Scandinavian Surgical Society·2008

Same author

Glucocorticoids act directly on osteoclasts to increase their life span and reduce bone density.

Endocrinology·2006

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow

Published on: November 6, 2014

Multiple immunoreactive forms of osteocalcin in uremic serum.

C M Gundberg, R S Weinstein

The Journal of Clinical Investigation

|June 1, 1986

Summary

Elevated osteocalcin in uremia may stem from bone resorption releasing fragments, not just bone formation. This study found lower molecular weight osteocalcin fragments in dialysis patients, suggesting bone matrix degradation contributes to elevated levels.

Area of Science:

Nephrology
Endocrinology
Bone Biology

Background:

Circulating osteocalcin typically indicates bone formation rate.
Osteocalcin is elevated in patients with uremia (kidney failure).

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the source of elevated osteocalcin in uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis.
To determine if bone resorption contributes to circulating osteocalcin levels in uremia.

Main Methods:

Serum osteocalcin levels were measured in 18 hemodialysis patients.
Bone formation and resorption rates were assessed using histomorphometry.
Serum samples were fractionated using gel filtration and HPLC to analyze osteocalcin fragments.

Main Results:

More Related Videos

Methods for Analyzing the Impacts of Natural Uranium on In Vitro Osteoclastogenesis

Methods for Analyzing the Impacts of Natural Uranium on In Vitro Osteoclastogenesis

Published on: January 30, 2018

A Semi-Automated and Reproducible Biological-Based Method to Quantify Calcium Deposition In Vitro

A Semi-Automated and Reproducible Biological-Based Method to Quantify Calcium Deposition In Vitro

Published on: June 2, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow

Published on: November 6, 2014

Methods for Analyzing the Impacts of Natural Uranium on In Vitro Osteoclastogenesis

Methods for Analyzing the Impacts of Natural Uranium on In Vitro Osteoclastogenesis

Published on: January 30, 2018

A Semi-Automated and Reproducible Biological-Based Method to Quantify Calcium Deposition In Vitro

A Semi-Automated and Reproducible Biological-Based Method to Quantify Calcium Deposition In Vitro

Published on: June 2, 2022

Serum osteocalcin correlated positively with bone formation rate, osteoblastic surface, and osteoclastic resorption.
Osteocalcin levels remained associated with osteoclastic resorption even when bone formation was constant.
Fractionation revealed multiple lower molecular weight immunoreactive osteocalcin peaks in uremic patients' sera, suggesting fragments.

Conclusions:

Elevated osteocalcin in uremia is not solely due to increased bone formation.
Bone resorption appears to release osteocalcin fragments into circulation.
These fragments contribute to the elevated immunoreactive osteocalcin observed in uremic patients with renal osteodystrophy.