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Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced...
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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unraveling Vitamin A Transport Mechanisms — Linking Liver Receptors to Vision Health Through RBPR2 and RBP4 Interactions
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Immunodeficiency Accelerates Vitamin A Deficiency.

Luigi M De Luca1, Victoria Hill Petrides2, Nadine Darwiche1

  • 1Laboratory of Cellular Carcinogenesis and Tumor Promotion, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Current Developments in Nutrition
|December 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immunodeficiency accelerates vitamin A deficiency by increasing its usage. This study in mice shows immunocompromised animals develop vitamin A deficiency faster, highlighting a link between immune status and vitamin A metabolism.

Keywords:
SENCAR (SENsitive to CARcinogenesis) miceathymic miceimmunodeficiencyretinolretinyl palmitatevitamin A deficiency

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Impaired immune function due to vitamin A deficiency increases infection susceptibility.
  • The relationship between immunodeficiency and vitamin A status requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if immunodeficiency can lead to the development of vitamin A deficiency.
  • To compare vitamin A metabolism in immunodeficient versus immunocompetent mouse models.

Main Methods:

  • Vitamin A deficiency was induced in athymic nude (nu/nu) and SENCAR mice (immunodeficient models) and Balb/c and NIH mice (control models).
  • Mice were fed a vitamin A-deficient diet from birth, with controls receiving a diet supplemented with retinoic acid.
  • Vitamin A levels (retinol and retinyl palmitate) and clinical symptoms were monitored.

Main Results:

  • Immunodeficient nu/nu and SENCAR mice developed vitamin A deficiency more rapidly than control groups.
  • Symptoms included depletion of liver retinol and retinyl palmitate, uterine metaplasia, and mortality.
  • Faster depletion of vitamin A metabolites was observed in immunodeficient mice compared to controls (P ≤ 0.0001).

Conclusions:

  • Immunocompromised mice exhibit increased utilization of liver retinol and retinyl palmitate.
  • Vitamin A metabolism is altered in T-cell and humoral immunodeficient states.
  • These findings suggest compensatory mechanisms involving vitamin A utilization to mitigate immunodeficiency.