Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Solution Concentration and Dilution

Solution Concentration and Dilution

The relative amount of a given solution component is known as its concentration. Often, though not always, a solution contains one component with a concentration that is significantly greater than that of all other components. This component is called the solvent and may be viewed as the medium in which the other components are dispersed or dissolved. Solutions in which water is the solvent are, of course, very common on our planet. A solution in which water is the solvent is called an aqueous...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Text-Embedding-Assisted Design of Rigid Molecular Cations for Suppressing Ion Migration in Hybrid Single-Crystal X-ray Detectors.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026

Same author

Strengthened Interfacial Coupling Between Self-Assembled Monolayers and Bulk Heterojunctions Enables Thermally Stable Organic Solar Cells.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026

Same author

Rational Asymmetric Acceptor Engineering via Unidirectional Terminal π-Extension and Optimizing Alkyl Branching Sites Affords a Binary Photovoltaic Efficiency of 20.7% by Suppressed Nonradiative Energy Loss.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026

Same author

Synergistic Electronic and Steric Engineering of Thiophene Donors in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient CO<sub>2</sub> Photoconversion.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026

Same author

Recent Advances in Thermo- and Photostabilities of Organic Solar Cells: Material Design and Morphology Control.

Polymer science & technology (Washington, D.C.)·2026

Same author

Topology-Engineered Coordination Polymers for Enhanced Hole Transport in Organic Solar Cells.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026

Same journal

Halide-site-substituting spacer creates quasi-two-dimensional perovskites for vapour-deposited light-emitting diodes.

Nature nanotechnology·2026

Same journal

Nanoscale amorphization of poly(triarylamine) for efficient and stable inverted perovskite photovoltaics.

Nature nanotechnology·2026

Same journal

Bridging nanotechnology and mechanobiology.

Nature nanotechnology·2026

Same journal

Coherent 2D/3D van der Waals epitaxy enables single-crystal perovskite heterostructures.

Nature nanotechnology·2026

Same journal

Coherent 2D-3D van der Waals perovskite epitaxial heterostructures.

Nature nanotechnology·2026

Same journal

Ultrafast, reconfigurable all-optical beam steering and spatial light modulation.

Nature nanotechnology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic–Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer

Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic–Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer

Published on: January 10, 2017

Dilution effect for highly efficient multiple-component organic solar cells.

Lijian Zuo^1,2,3, Sae Byeok Jo^1,4, Yaokai Li²

¹Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Nature Nanotechnology

|December 7, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The dilution effect in organic solar cells (OSCs) enhances performance by molecularly intermixing components, suppressing energy loss and boosting efficiency. This mechanism leads to higher open-circuit voltages and power conversion efficiencies in multiple-component (MC) OSCs.

More Related Videos

In situ Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering on Roll-To-Roll Coating of Organic Solar Cells with Laboratory X-ray Instrumentation

In situ Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering on Roll-To-Roll Coating of Organic Solar Cells with Laboratory X-ray Instrumentation

Published on: March 2, 2021

Printing Fabrication of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells and In Situ Morphology Characterization

Printing Fabrication of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells and In Situ Morphology Characterization

Published on: January 29, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic–Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer

Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic–Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer

Published on: January 10, 2017

In situ Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering on Roll-To-Roll Coating of Organic Solar Cells with Laboratory X-ray Instrumentation

In situ Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering on Roll-To-Roll Coating of Organic Solar Cells with Laboratory X-ray Instrumentation

Published on: March 2, 2021

Printing Fabrication of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells and In Situ Morphology Characterization

Printing Fabrication of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells and In Situ Morphology Characterization

Published on: January 29, 2017

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Organic Electronics
Photovoltaics

Background:

Multiple-component (MC) blend strategies are vital for improving organic solar cell (OSC) performance.
A fundamental understanding of MC-OSC mechanisms and material selection is crucial for optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the 'dilution effect' as the working mechanism in MC-OSCs.
To establish material selection rules for optimal MC-OSC performance.
To explain composition-dependent open-circuit voltage (V_OC) in ternary blends.

Main Methods:

Investigated molecular intermixing in highly miscible components.
Analyzed the impact of suppressed electron-vibration coupling on luminescence and V_OC.
Studied electron transfer dynamics between different acceptors.

Main Results:

The 'dilution effect' promotes higher luminescence quantum efficiencies and V_OC by suppressing electron-vibration coupling.
Broadened bandgaps and reduced electron-vibration coupling explain composition-dependent V_OC.
Efficient charge transport and high fill factors were observed due to inter-acceptor electron transfer.

Conclusions:

The dilution effect is a key mechanism for high-performance MC-OSCs.
Understanding this effect enables rational material design for improved OSCs.
A record power conversion efficiency of 18.31% was achieved in an MC-OSC.