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Related Concept Videos

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Body:Bioavailability is a critical factor in determining a drug's effectiveness. It refers to the proportion of a drug that enters the circulation when introduced into the body and is, as a result, able to have an active effect. Enhancing bioavailability is essential for drugs with poor solubility, as it can significantly impact their therapeutic efficacy. Various methods are employed to increase the solubility of drugs, thereby enhancing their bioavailability.Micronization and nanonization are...
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A Whole Cell Bioreporter Approach to Assess Transport and Bioavailability of Organic Contaminants in Water Unsaturated Systems
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Montmorillonite clay-based sorbents decrease the bioavailability of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from

Sara E Hearon1, Asuka A Orr2, Haley Moyer1

  • 1Veterinary Integrative Biosciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77845, USA.

Environmental Research
|December 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Nutrient-amended montmorillonite clays effectively bind per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), reducing their bioavailability in soil and uptake by plants. This offers a promising solution for mitigating PFAS contamination in food and water sources.

Keywords:
AdsorptionBioavailabilityMontmorillonitePFAS

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Soil Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in food and water pose significant human health risks due to widespread environmental contamination.
  • Limited availability of effective sorbents hinders the reduction of PFAS bioavailability in soil and subsequent translocation into plants and produce.
  • Montmorillonite clay, modified with carnitine and choline, is explored as a novel sorbent to enhance hydrophobicity and reduce PFAS exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the binding of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) to parent and nutrient-amended montmorillonite clays.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of amended clays in reducing PFAS bioavailability in soil and translocation into plants.
  • To assess the safety and impact of amended clays on plant growth.

Main Methods:

  • Isothermal analyses were conducted at pH 7 and ambient temperature to determine PFAS binding capacities and affinities.
  • Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to elucidate the interaction mechanisms between PFAS and clay surfaces.
  • Efficacy and safety were tested using *Lemna minor* bioassays and soil studies with cucumber plants.

Main Results:

  • Amended montmorillonite clays exhibited significantly higher capacities for PFOA and PFOS binding (0.51–0.71 mol kg⁻¹) compared to parent clay (0.37–0.49 mol kg⁻¹).
  • MD simulations indicated that hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions were key to PFAS surface binding.
  • Soil studies demonstrated that 2% sorbent inclusion reduced PFAS bioavailability by up to 74% and significantly decreased PFAS residues in cucumber plants.

Conclusions:

  • Nutrient-amended montmorillonite clays show high affinity and capacity for binding PFOA and PFOS under neutral conditions.
  • Amended clays are safe and effective in reducing PFAS bioavailability in soil and minimizing plant uptake, as confirmed by *Lemna minor* and cucumber studies.
  • The application of nutrient-amended clays in soil presents a viable strategy for mitigating PFAS contamination in agricultural produce and reducing human exposure.