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Strain and Elastic Modulus

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The quantity that describes the deformation of a body under stress is known as strain. Strain is given as a fractional change in either length, volume, or geometry under tensile, volume (also known as bulk), or shear stress, respectively, and is a dimensionless quantity. The strain experienced by a body under tensile or compressive stress is called tensile or compressive strain, respectively. In contrast, the strain experienced under bulk stress and shear stress is known as volume and shear...

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$Stress Distribution During Cold Compression of Rocks and Mineral Aggregates Using Synchrotron-based X-Ray Diffraction$

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An Alumina Standard Reference Material for Resonance Frequency and Dynamic Elastic Moduli Measurement I. For Use at

R W Dickson¹, J B Wachtman¹

¹Institute for Materials Research, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. 20234.

Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and Chemistry

|December 8, 2021

Summary

Sintered alumina bars serve as precise frequency and dynamic elasticity standards. These standards offer high accuracy for measurements in air and vacuum, crucial for scientific applications.

Keywords:

Alumina Young’s modulus elastic modulus resonance frequency shear modulus standard reference material

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Physics
Metrology

Background:

Accurate material standards are essential for reproducible scientific measurements.
Polycrystalline alumina offers desirable properties for metrological applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize sintered alumina bars as precise frequency and dynamic elasticity standards.
To quantify the uncertainties associated with these standards under various conditions.

Main Methods:

Machining of polycrystalline alumina bars to precise dimensions.
Measurement of mass, dimensions, and resonance frequencies (flexural and torsional).
Determination and correction for the effects of suspension loading and atmospheric conditions.

Main Results:

Alumina bars established as frequency standards with uncertainties of ±0.03 Hz (flexure) and ±0.08 Hz (torsion) in air.
Vacuum resonance frequency uncertainties determined as ±0.06 Hz (flexure) and ±0.18 Hz (torsion).
Dynamic elasticity standards established with uncertainties of ~0.2% (shear modulus) and ~0.4% (Young's modulus).

Conclusions:

Sintered alumina bars are validated as reliable standards for frequency and dynamic elasticity.
The characterized uncertainties demonstrate their suitability for demanding metrological tasks.
These standards contribute to enhanced precision in scientific research and development.