A review on bovine hydroxyapatite; extraction and characterization

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Biomineralization
• Orthopedic Engineering

Background:

• Bone grafting surgeries necessitate advanced bone substitutes.
• Hydroxyapatite (HA), the primary mineral component of bone, shows significant regenerative potential.
• Mimicking bone's porous structure and biological functions is key for effective tissue engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review methods for extracting Hydroxyapatite (HA) from bovine bone.
• To highlight critical steps in the HA extraction process.
• To discuss the characterization and future development of HA-based bone constructs.

Main Methods:

• Review of scientific literature on HA extraction from bovine sources.
• Detailed explanation of characterization techniques including XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, mechanical/thermodynamic tests, and bioactivity analysis.
• Synthesis of information on essential extraction parameters.

Main Results:

• Bovine bone is a viable source for Hydroxyapatite (HA) extraction.
• Established characterization methods confirm the quality and properties of extracted HA.
• The review provides a comprehensive overview of HA extraction and analysis.

Conclusions:

• Hydroxyapatite (HA) extracted from bovine bone is a suitable biomaterial for bone tissue engineering.
• Understanding extraction and characterization is crucial for developing effective HA bone substitutes.
• Further development of HA constructs holds promise for orthopedic applications.