[Unfairly Forgotten: Carl Ludwig: The Founder of Modern Physiology]

Cardiovascular physiology was the dominant area of research for Ludwig. He developed instruments to record hemodynamic and other physiologic events accurately, allowing him to identify previously unrecognized physiologic relationships.His classical textbook of physiology challenged traditional scientific theories and suggested new concepts. His ultimate aim was to describe nature in a mathematic manner "that in the organism no other forces are active but the common physicochemical". ("Organic physicist").His scientific program attracted medical graduates from Europe, Asia and America. Ludwig's scientific ability and personality were the major factors for the success of his research program. His intellectual generosity and unselfishness in order to promote the careers of his pupils is legendary. He put scientific research and results ahead of personal recognition. He mentored his colleagues and pupils without ever putting himself or his own interests ahead of everybody else. He decided to forgo academic recognition and did not play political games.