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Updated: Oct 10, 2025

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Upper Limb Rehabilitation in Stroke Patients Through Advanced Robotic and Neuromodulation Technologies
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Upper Limb Apraxia.

Kenneth M Heilman

    Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)
    |December 9, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Upper limb apraxia, a common yet underrecognized neurological disorder, presents with distinct forms. This review details its diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management strategies for clinicians.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Neurorehabilitation

    Background:

    • Limb apraxia is a frequent and debilitating consequence of brain damage.
    • It is often overlooked in clinical settings despite its significant impact.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide a comprehensive overview of upper limb apraxia.
    • To guide clinicians in diagnosis, testing, and management.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature, incorporating both historical and recent findings.
    • Discussion of diagnostic criteria and testing methodologies for various apraxia types.

    Main Results:

    • Identifies four primary forms of upper limb apraxia: ideomotor, limb-kinetic, conceptual, and ideational.
    • Explores the underlying pathophysiology and associated neurological diseases.

    Conclusions:

    • Clinicians can use this guide for accurate diagnosis and effective management of upper limb apraxia.
    • Rehabilitation strategies for different forms of apraxia are discussed.