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Related Concept Videos

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
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Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

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Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
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Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
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Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Cancer02:18

Cancer

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

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Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
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Updated: Oct 10, 2025

Defining Gene Functions in Tumorigenesis by Ex vivo Ablation of Floxed Alleles in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Cells
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Defining Gene Functions in Tumorigenesis by Ex vivo Ablation of Floxed Alleles in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Cells

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When oncogenes do not cause cancer.

Jessica Shiu1, Arthur D Lander2

  • 1Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States.

Elife
|December 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Environmental factors, not oncogene-induced senescence, may prevent melanocytes with BRAF gene mutations from developing into melanoma. This suggests external signals play a key role in melanoma prevention.

Keywords:
cancer biologygeneticsgenomicshumanmelanocytesmelanomamicroRNAmutationnevi

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Cancer research
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Melanocytes are pigment-producing cells that can become cancerous.
  • Activating mutations in the BRAF gene are common in melanoma.
  • Oncogene-induced senescence is a proposed tumor-suppressive mechanism.

Discussion:

  • This study investigates the role of environmental cues versus oncogene-induced senescence in preventing melanoma development.
  • It challenges the prevailing view that senescence is the primary barrier against BRAF-mutated melanocytes becoming cancerous.
  • Findings suggest that external signals are more critical in halting melanoma progression.

Key Insights:

  • Environmental factors, rather than oncogene-induced senescence, may be the main mechanism preventing BRAF-mutated melanocytes from progressing to melanoma.
  • This highlights the importance of the tumor microenvironment in cancer prevention.
  • The study provides a new perspective on the early stages of melanoma development.

Outlook:

  • Further research is needed to identify specific environmental cues that inhibit melanoma.
  • Understanding these cues could lead to novel preventative strategies for melanoma.
  • This work may impact therapeutic approaches targeting BRAF-mutated cancers.