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Differential Microstrip Sensor for Complex Permittivity Characterization of Organic Fluid Mixtures.

Amer Abbood Al-Behadili¹, Iulia Andreea Mocanu², Teodor Mihai Petrescu²

¹Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 00964, Iraq.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|December 10, 2021

Summary

A novel microstrip sensor accurately characterizes urine

Keywords:

complex permittivity differential microstrip sensor open-stub resonator urine sensor

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Area of Science:

Electrical Engineering
Biomedical Sensing
Materials Science

Background:

Accurate characterization of complex permittivity is crucial for analyzing biological fluids like urine.
Existing methods for urine analysis can be complex and time-consuming.
Development of sensitive and cost-effective sensors is needed for point-of-care diagnostics.

Purpose of the Study:

To design, fabricate, and test a highly sensitive microstrip differential sensor for complex permittivity characterization of urine samples.
To evaluate the sensor's performance using both numerical simulations and experimental validation.
To demonstrate the sensor's capability for analyzing urine-water mixtures with varying concentrations.

Main Methods:

Designed a microstrip differential sensor with two pairs of open-stub resonators operating at 1.25 GHz.
Fabricated the sensor on an affordable FR-4 Epoxy substrate (1.6 mm thickness).
Utilized numerical simulations and experimental measurements with urine-water mixtures (0-100% urine) and nonlinear least square curve fitting in MATLAB.

Main Results:

The sensor demonstrated high sensitivity for complex permittivity characterization of urine samples.
Simulations covered 32 data groups with water content varying from 0% to 100%.
Experimental validation used specific urine concentrations (0%, 20%, 33%, 50%, 66%, 100%), achieving a sensing sensitivity of approximately 3%.

Conclusions:

The developed microstrip sensor is a viable tool for accurate complex permittivity characterization of urine.
The sensor's design on FR-4 Epoxy substrate offers a cost-effective solution for urine analysis.
This technology holds potential for non-invasive and rapid urine diagnostics.