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Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework
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Basin-Scale Pollution Loads Analyzed Based on Coupled Empirical Models and Numerical Models.

Man Zhang1, Xiaolong Chen2, Shuihua Yang3,4

  • 1School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|December 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Accurate pollutant source apportionment in the Tuojiang River reveals urban sewage treatment plants are major sources of COD, TN, and ammonia nitrogen, while agriculture dominates TP. Rainfall significantly impacts pollution loads, peaking in the wet season.

Keywords:
SWAT modelTuojiang River basinbasin-scale pollution loadscoupled modelspollution source analysis frameworksource apportionment

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Water Resource Management
  • Ecosystem Health

Background:

  • Pollutant source apportionment is critical for effective water environmental protection.
  • Accurate quantification of pollutant loads at the basin scale remains a significant challenge.
  • The Tuojiang River, a vital tributary of the upper Yangtze River, faces complex pollution challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively determine pollutant loads and identify sources in the Tuojiang River basin.
  • To assess the contributions of different sources (point and non-point) to water pollution.
  • To provide a framework for watershed management and environmental governance.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated approach combining the Pollution Discharge Coefficient Method (PDCM), field observations, and the Soil & Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) numerical model.
  • Analysis of key pollutants including Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorus (TP), and Ammonia Nitrogen (N-NH4+).
  • Seasonal and spatial analysis of pollutant loads and their contributing factors.

Main Results:

  • Urban sewage treatment plants are the primary sources of COD, TN, and N-NH4+, while agricultural activities contribute most TP.
  • Pollutant loads are significantly influenced by rainfall, with higher concentrations observed during the wet season, particularly in July.
  • Neijiang city is the largest contributor to COD, TN, and N-NH4+ (approx. 25%), and Deyang city leads in TP contribution (23%).
  • The Fuxi River and Qiuxihe River sub-basins exhibit the highest pollutant loads.

Conclusions:

  • The developed technical framework accurately identifies pollution sources by type, administrative region, and sub-basin.
  • Findings are crucial for targeted environmental management and governance strategies in the Tuojiang River basin.
  • The study highlights the need for integrated pollution control measures addressing both urban and agricultural sources, considering hydrological influences.