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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
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Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive01:24

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Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
 Dependent Personality Disorder
Dependent personality disorder is characterized by an excessive reliance on others to manage various aspects of life. Individuals with this disorder often struggle...
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Anxiety: Overview01:18

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Anxiety is a common mental disorder featuring excessive worry, fear, and apprehension, significantly affecting daily life. People with anxiety disorders experience persistent and intense anxiety, interrupting their everyday functioning.
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Nervous Tissue: Glial Cells01:31

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Glia, or neuroglia, are vital support cells that assist neurons in their functions. The term "glia" originates from the Greek word for "glue," reflecting their role in holding the nervous system together. These cells can be categorized into six types: four in the central nervous system (CNS) and two in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a chronic condition characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry that persists for at least six months, significantly interfering with daily functioning. Unlike situational anxiety, which arises in response to specific stressors, GAD often occurs without a clear cause. Individuals may experience disproportionate worry about work, health, or relationships. For instance, a person might continuously fear poor health despite normal medical evaluations or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 10, 2025

Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
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Astroglia and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.

Kohichi Tanaka1

  • 1Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan. tanaka.aud@mri.tmd.ac.jp.

Advances in Neurobiology
|December 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Astrocyte dysfunction contributes to excitation/inhibition imbalance in the brain, a key factor in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and related conditions like Tourette syndrome and autism spectrum disorder.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurobiology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) affects 1-3% of the population and is a leading cause of disability.
  • OCD involves obsessions and compulsions, sharing features with Tourette syndrome (TS) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD).
  • Neuroimaging shows hyperactivity in the orbitofrontal cortex and striatum in OCD and related disorders, but cellular causes are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of astrocytes in the neurobiological mechanisms of OCD and related disorders.
  • To investigate how astrocyte dysfunction contributes to the excitation/inhibition (E/I) imbalance observed in these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent animal studies investigating astrocyte function in OCD pathophysiology.

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  • Focus on the role of astrocyte-expressed glutamate transporter GLT1 and GABA transporter GAT-3 in regulating E/I balance.

    • Main Results:

    • Astrocyte dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of OCD and related disorders.
    • Impaired astrocyte function can lead to an imbalance in the E/I ratio.
    • This E/I imbalance is associated with pathological repetitive behaviors seen in OCD, TS, and ASD.

    Conclusions:

    • Astrocyte dysfunction is a significant factor in the E/I imbalance underlying OCD, TS, and ASD.
    • Targeting astrocyte function may offer novel therapeutic strategies for these disorders.