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Nuclear Transmutation03:20

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Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
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Hyperstoichiometric Uranium Dioxides: Rapid Synthesis and Irradiation-Induced Structural Changes.

Jordan M Roach1, Khachatur V Manukyan2, Ashabari Majumdar2

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Inorganic Chemistry
|December 10, 2021
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Summary

A new combustion method rapidly produces hyperstoichiometric uranium dioxide (UO2.12) nanomaterials and films. This process, involving uranyl nitrate and glycine, yields UO2.12 with unique irradiation-induced structural changes for nuclear research.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nuclear Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Hyperstoichiometric uranium oxides, like UO2.12, form on nuclear fuel and impact performance and disposal.
  • Understanding the synthesis and properties of these oxides is crucial for nuclear reactor technology and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a rapid and straightforward combustion synthesis method for UO2.12 nanomaterials and thin films.
  • To investigate the structural changes in UO2.12 induced by ion irradiation.

Main Methods:

  • Combustion synthesis using uranyl nitrate-glycine-water solutions.
  • Structural and chemical characterization using Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
  • In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for decomposition analysis.
  • Ion irradiation studies using Ar2+ ions.

Main Results:

  • Successful preparation of UO2.12 nanomaterials and uniform thin films via combustion.
  • Identification of a complex intermediate compound and elucidation of the rate-limiting step in combustion.
  • Observation of defect-simulated grain growth and enhanced chemical mixing upon irradiation due to high uranium ion diffusion.

Conclusions:

  • The combustion method provides an efficient route to UO2.12 for actinide oxide target preparation.
  • Irradiation studies reveal unique material behavior relevant to nuclear materials research and stockpile stewardship.