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The link between Keratoconus and posterior segment parameters: An updated, comprehensive review
Hassan Hashemi1, Mohsen Heirani2, Renato Ambrósio3
1Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
The Ocular Surface
|December 10, 2021
Summary
Keratoconus (KCN) affects more than the cornea, impacting retinal and choroidal structures. Early assessment of posterior segment changes in KCN patients is recommended.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Optometry
- Corneal Science
Background:
- Keratoconus (KCN) traditionally viewed as a corneal-exclusive disorder.
- Limited research on KCN's impact on posterior segment structures.
- Need for comprehensive understanding of KCN's systemic ocular effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review literature on the association between KCN and posterior segment structures.
- To elucidate potential morphological and functional changes in the posterior eye segment due to KCN.
- To highlight the importance of considering posterior segment evaluation in KCN management.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review.
- Analysis of studies investigating anatomical and functional changes in the retina, optic nerve head, and choroid of KCN patients.
- Synthesis of proposed pathomechanisms linking KCN to posterior segment alterations.
Main Results:
- Evidence confirms KCN is associated with morphological and functional changes in the retina, optic nerve head, and choroid.
- Proposed mechanisms include oxidative stress and retinal adaptation to distorted visual input.
- Anatomical alterations observed across multiple posterior segment layers.
Conclusions:
- Keratoconus extends beyond the cornea, affecting posterior ocular structures.
- Optical coherence tomography and electrophysiology are valuable tools for assessing KCN-related posterior segment abnormalities.
- Routine evaluation of the posterior segment is advisable for KCN patients.
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