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Updated: Oct 10, 2025

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The potential pharmacological mechanisms of β-hydroxybutyrate for improving cognitive functions
Jian-Hong Wang1, Lei Guo2, Su Wang1
1Department of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
Abstract:
β-Hydroxybutyl acid (βOHB), the most prevalent type of ketone in the human body, is involved in the pathogenesis of cognitive disorders, especially Alzheimer's dementia (AD), through a variety of mechanisms, such as enhancing mitochondrial metabolism, regulating signaling molecule, increasing histone acetylation, affecting the metabolism of Aβ and Tau proteins, inhibiting inflammation and lipid metabolism, and regulating intestinal microbes. Based on the above findings, clinical drug development in AD has begun to focus on βOHB.
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