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Microstructural development from 9 to 14 years: Evidence from the ABCD Study.

Clare E Palmer1, Diliana Pecheva2, John R Iversen3

  • 1Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA.

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience
|December 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain microstructural development in children aged 9-14 shows significant age-related changes, particularly in subcortical regions. Restriction spectrum imaging reveals these changes, offering insights into behavioral development.

Keywords:
AdolescenceDevelopmentDiffusionMicrostructureNeuroimagingSubcortical

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Behavioral changes in late childhood are linked to brain circuit maturation.
  • Understanding microstructural brain development is key to explaining individual behavioral differences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-associated microstructural brain changes using Restriction Spectrum Imaging (RSI).
  • To map these changes in white matter and subcortical regions in a large adolescent cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Restriction Spectrum Imaging (RSI) to model diffusion-weighted imaging signals.
  • Quantified voxelwise restricted diffusion signal fraction across the brain.
  • Analyzed data from 8086 participants (aged 9-14) in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study.

Main Results:

  • Older participants exhibited a higher restricted signal fraction globally.
  • The strongest age associations were observed in subcortical regions, including the basal ganglia and ventral diencephalon.
  • Age associations varied across white matter tracts and within specific subcortical structures like thalamic nuclei.

Conclusions:

  • Voxelwise RSI analysis reveals specific age-related microstructural changes in the developing brain.
  • These findings suggest that developmental changes map onto distinct cell populations and circuits.
  • The study highlights the utility of RSI for detailed analysis of brain development.